REFERENCES
1. Skapek SX, Ferrari A, Gupta AA et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Rev Dis
Primers 2019;5:1.
2. Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma and
undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: a selective
review of Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group experience and
rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V. J Pediatr Hematol
Oncol 2001;23: 215–20.
3. Sultan I, Qaddoumi I, Yaser S, et al: Comparing adult and pediatric
rhabdomyosarcoma in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results
program, 1973 to 2005: An analysis of 2,600 patients. J Clin Oncol
27:3391-3397, 2009.
4. Carli M, Colombatti R, Oberlin O, et al: European intergroup studies
(MMT4-89 and MMT4-91) on childhood metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: Final
results and analysis of prognostic factors. J Clin Oncol
2004;22:4787-94.
5. Oberlin O, Rey A, Lyden E, et al. Prognostic factors in metastatic
rhabdomyosarcomas: results of a pooled analysis from United States and
European cooperative groups. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2384-9.
6. Ben Arush M, Minard-Colin V, Mosseri V, et al. Does aggressive local
treatment have an impact on survival in children with metastatic
rhabdomyosarcoma? Eur J Cancer 2015;51:193-201.
7. Weigel BJ, Lyden E, Anderson JR, et al. Intensive multiagent therapy,
including dose-compressed cycles of ifosfamide/etoposide and
vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, and radiation, in
patients with high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children’s
Oncology Group J Clin Oncol 2016;34:117–22.
8. Oberlin O, Rey A, Sanchez de Toledo J, et al. Randomized comparison
of intensified six-drug versus standard three-drug chemotherapy for
high-risk nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma and other
chemotherapy-sensitive childhood soft tissue sarcomas: long-term results
from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology MMT95 study. J Clin
Oncol 2012;30:2457-65.
9. Meza JL, Anderson J, Pappo AS, et al: Analysis of prognostic factors
in patients with non-metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma treated on Intergroup
Rhabdomyosarcoma studies III and IV: The Children’s Oncology Group. J
Clin Oncol 2006;24:3844-51.
10. Joshi D, Anderson JR, Paidas C, et al. Age is an independent
prognostic factor in rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Soft Tissue
Sarcoma Committee of the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer
2004;42:64-73.
11. Neville HL, Andrassy RJ, Lobe TE, et al. Preoperative staging,
prognostic factors, and outcome for extremity rhabdomyosarcoma: a
preliminary report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV
(1991–1997). J Pediatr Surg 2000;35:317-21.
12. Gallego S, Zanetti I, Orbach D, et al. Fusion Status in patients
with lymph node positive (N1) alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a powerful
predictor of prognosis: Experience of the European Paediatric Soft
Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG). Cancer 2018;124:3201-9.
13. Hawkins DS, Chi YY, Anderson JR, et al. Addition of vincristine and
irinotecan to vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide does not
improve outcome for intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from
the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2770-7.
14. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete
observations. J. Amer. Statist. Assn. 1958;53 :457–481.
15. Peto R, Peto J. Asymptotically efficient rank invariant test
procedures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A 1972; Series A
135: 185-207.
16. Flamant F, Rodary C, Rey A, et al. Treatment of non-metastatic
rhabdomyosarcomas in childhood and adolescence. Results of the second
study of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology MMT84. Eur J
Cancer 1998;34:1050-6.
17. Rodeberg DA, Garcia-Henriquez N, Lyden ER et al. Prognostic
significance and tumor biology of regional lymph node disease in
patients with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology
Group. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1304-11.
18. Weiss AR, Lyden ER, Anderson JR, et al: Histologic and clinical
characteristics can guide staging evaluations for children and
adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children’s Oncology
Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3226-32.
19. Oberlin O, Rey A, Lyden E, et al. Prognostic factors in metastatic
rhabdomyosarcomas: results of a pooled analysis from United States and
European cooperative groups. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2384-9.
20. Chisholm J, Marandet J, Rey A, et al. Prognostic factors after
relapse in nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A nomogram to better define
patients who can be salvaged with further therapy. J Clin Oncol
2011;29:1319-25
21. Casey DL, Chi YY, Donaldson SS, et al. Increased local failure for
patients with Intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma on ARST0531: A report
from the Children’s Oncology Group. Cancer 2019;125:3242-8.
22. Bisogno G, Jenney M, Bergeron C, et al. Addition of dose-intensified
doxorubicin to standard chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (EpSSG RMS
2005): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial.
Lancet Oncol 2018; 19: 1061–71.
23. Sorensen PH, Lynch JC, Qualman SJ, et al: PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR
gene fusions are prognostic indicators in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: A
report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2672-9.
24. Missiaglia E, Williamson D, Chisholm J, et al. PAX3/FOXO1 fusion
gene status is the key prognostic molecular marker in rhabdomyosarcoma
and significantly improves current risk stratification. J Clin Oncol
2012;30:1670-7.
25. Skapek SX, Anderson J, Barr FG, et al. PAX-FOXO1 fusion status
drives unfavorable outcome for children with rhabdomyosarcoma: A
Children’s Oncology Group report. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1411-7.
26. Arnold MA, Anderson JR, Gastier-Foster JM, et al. Histology, Fusion
Status and Outcome in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma with Low-Risk Clinical
Features: A Report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood
Cancer. 2016; 63: 634–639.
27. Rudzinski ER, Anderson JR, Chi YY, et al. Histology, fusion status,
and outcome in metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children’s
Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64: doi:10.1002/pbc.26645.
28. Bisogno G, De Salvo GL, Bergeron C, et al. Vinorelbine and
continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide as maintenance chemotherapy in
patients with high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS 2005): a multicentre,
open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20: 1566–75.