Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first publication of subtle aortic
dissection with a supraannular aortic root intimal tear in a patient
with a dilated aortic root and undiagnosed bicuspid aortic valve that
necessitated treatment with a Bentall procedure. This young lady
developed acute severe AR and pulmonary oedema due to subtle aortic
dissection. However, the patient was initially misdiagnosed and treated
for a lower respiratory tract infection. Prior to presenting to her
local hospital, she suffered an episode of tight central chest pain and
this is likely to be the event when she potentially developed subtle
aortic dissection but, despite two CT aortograms, no dissection was
detected.
Svensson et al. reported that 9 out of 181 patients who underwent
ascending or aortic arch repair had an undiagnosed aortic intimal tear
without hematoma [4]. In all patients, this specific variant of
aortic dissection characterized with a stellate or linear intimal tear
was not proven by multiple noninvasive imaging techniques and diagnosis
was made intraoperatively [4]. They also found that a subtle
eccentric bulge or bubble was detected on aortography in 6 out of 9
patients which suggested that aortography should be considered if the
more subtle form of aortic dissection is suspected based on clinical
presentation. Furthermore, the authors reported that if multimodality
imaging tests fail to detect aortic dissection and an ascending aortic
aneurysm >4.5 cm in diameter is measured, particularly if
the patient has Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or a
pericardial effusion, then an invasive imaging test such as aortography
should be performed [4]. However, our patient had the suspicion of
non-infective or infective endocarditis due to the suggestion of a small
echogenic mass with the acute severe AR on TTE and had a bicuspid AV
with a supraannular intimal tear found at the time of surgery.Wang et al. have described a patient with an annular intimal tear
of the aortic root that was misdiagnosed as AR [5]. Similarly,
preoperative imaging was inadequate for correct diagnosis which was
confirmed intraoperatively. However, their patient underwent successful
repair of the aortic root tear with Teflon felt, as the aortic root was
not dilated. On the other hand, Shingal et al. have reported a
patient that developed aortic intimal tear with severe AR secondary to
subadventitial rupture of ascending aorta and no signs of dissection
flap who underwent a Bentall procedure, but in their case it was a
result of blunt trauma [6]. Manuchehry et al. have reported a
case of fatal cardiac tamponade caused by a limited aortic dissection
variant that was not detected by multiple imaging modalities [7].
However, their patient had the diagnosis confirmed during an autopsy.