REFERENCES
- World Health Organisation (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 -
World Health Organization,https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus; 2020 (accessed 18 May
2020).
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. ® Enbrel (etanercept),
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/103795s5503lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of
global health concern. The Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):470-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If You Are
Immunocompromised, Protect Yourself From COVID-19,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/immunocompromised.html;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ.
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The
Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID-19) | CDC,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html; 2020 (accessed
18 May 2020).
- Antonio R, Silvia M. Immunosuppression drug‐related and clinical
manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019: a therapeutical hypothesis.
American Journal of Transplantation. 2020 Apr 3.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15905
- Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019
(COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. International journal of
antimicrobial agents. 2020 Feb 17:105924.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
| FDA,
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/counterterrorism-and-emerging-threats/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Brownstone ND, Thibodeaux QG, Reddy VD, Myers BA, Chan SY, Bhutani T,
Liao W. Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in
Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times.
Dermatology and therapy. 2020 Apr 16:1-1.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-020-00377-9
- Wenxing P, Luo W, Wenwen L, Jialian Z, Xuan C, Yun L, Qizhi Z. TNF-α
inhibitors can increase the risk of respiratory infection when used in
rheumatism: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-17199/v1
- Drug Bank.ca. Etanercept - DrugBank,
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00005; 2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. ® Enbrel (etanercept),
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/103795s5503lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Perricone C, Triggianese P, Bartoloni E, Cafaro G, Bonifacio AF, Bursi
R, Perricone R, Gerli R. The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs:
Lessons from covid-19. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020 Apr 17:102468.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102468
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. Mycophenolate Mofetil,
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/065410s000lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Xia H, Wang A, Liang W, Zhou W, Zhou L, Liu X, Rao
L, Li Z, Peng Z. Clinical characteristics and immunosuppressant
management of coronavirus disease 2019 in solid organ transplant
recipients. American Journal of Transplantation. 2020 Apr 13.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15928
- Namazee N, Mahmoudi H, Afzal P, Ghaffari S. Novel Corona Virus 2019
pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. American Journal of
Transplantation. 2020 May 13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15999
- Hsu JJ, Gaynor P, Kamath M, Fan A, Al‐Saffar F, Cruz D, Nsair A.
COVID‐19 in a High‐Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient.
American Journal of Transplantation. 2020 Apr 21.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15936
- Del Papa N, Sambataro G, Minniti A, Pignataro F, Caporali R. Novel
COronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: What are the risk for
systemic sclerosis patients?. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2020 May 5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102558
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. RAPAMUNE (sirolimus),
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021083s059,021110s076lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. Network-based drug
repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell
discovery. 2020 Mar 16;6(1):1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3
- López V, Vázquez T, Alonso-Titos J, Cabello M, Alonso A, Beneyto I,
Crespo M, Díaz-Corte C, Franco A, González-Roncero F, Gutiérrez E.
Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic
(Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients. Nefrología (English
Edition). 2020 Apr 6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.03.017
- Bartiromo M, Borchi B, Botta A, Bagalà A, Lugli G, Tilli M, Cavallo A,
Xhaferi B, Cutruzzulà R, Vaglio A, Bresci S. Threatening drug‐drug
interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID‐19). Transplant Infectious Disease. 2020 Apr 12.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13286
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. NEORAL® Cyclosporine,
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/050715s027,050716s028lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- Chattopadhyay A, Mishra D, Sharma V, Naidu GS, Sharma A. Coronavirus
disease-19 and rheumatological disorders: A narrative review.
https://doi.org/10.4103/injr.injr_73_20
- Conforti C, Giuffrida R, Dianzani C, Di Meo N, Zalaudek I. COVID‐19
and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants?
A call for action. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020 Mar 11:e13298.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13298
- de Wilde AH, Zevenhoven-Dobbe JC, van der Meer Y, Thiel V, Narayanan
K, Makino S, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Cyclosporin A inhibits the
replication of diverse coronaviruses. The Journal of general virology.
2011 Nov;92(Pt 11):2542.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.034983-0
- Latif F, Farr MA, Clerkin KJ, Habal MV, Takeda K, Naka Y, Restaino S,
Sayer G, Uriel N. Characteristics and Outcomes of Recipients of Heart
Transplant With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA cardiology. 2020 May
13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2159
- U.S Food & Drug Administration. RITUXAN (rituximab),
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/103705s5367s5388lbl.pdf;
2020 (accessed 18 May 2020).
- DrugBank.ca. Rituximab, https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00073; 2020
(accessed 18 May 2020).
- Willis MD, Robertson NP. Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection:
considerations in the threat of the novel coronavirus,
COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Neurology. 2020 May 1;267(5):1567-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09822-3
- Mansoor S, Kelly S, Murphy K, Waters A, Siddiqui NS. COVID-19 pandemic
and the risk of infection in multiple sclerosis patients on disease
modifying therapies:“what the bleep do we know?”. The Egyptian
Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2020 Dec;56:1-3.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-020-00177-0
- Sawalha AH, Manzi S. Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the
care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
European journal of rheumatology. 2020 Apr 8.
https://doi.org/10.5152/
eurjrheum.2020.20055
- Adashek JJ, Hajjar J, Chemaly RF, Kurzrock R. Are Cancer Patients at
Higher Risk of Death With COVID-19?. Journal of Immunotherapy.
2020;3(2):1. https://doi.org/10.4103/2666-2345.280883
- Brownstone ND, Thibodeaux QG, Reddy VD, Myers BA, Chan SY, Bhutani T,
Liao W. Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in
Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times.
Dermatology and therapy. 2020 Apr 16:1-1.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-020-00377-9
- Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. The cytokine release syndrome
(CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist
Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality. International
journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020 Mar 29:105954.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954
- Del Papa N, Sambataro G, Minniti A, Pignataro F, Caporali R. Novel
COronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: What are the risk for
systemic sclerosis patients?. Autoimmunity Reviews. 2020 May 5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102558
- Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. Network-based drug
repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell
discovery. 2020 Mar 16;6(1):1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3
- de Wilde AH, Zevenhoven-Dobbe JC, van der Meer Y, Thiel V, Narayanan
K, Makino S, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Cyclosporin A inhibits the
replication of diverse coronaviruses. The Journal of general virology.
2011 Nov;92(Pt 11):2542. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.034983-0
- Willis MD, Robertson NP. Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection:
considerations in the threat of the novel coronavirus,
COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Neurology. 2020 May 1;267(5):1567-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09822-3