Conclusion
Fundal pressure is commonly considered before operative vaginal birth or
cesarean section in the case of a prolonged second stage of delivery or
fetal distress especially in settings where instrumental deliveries, are
not readily available, or cannot be performed because of professional
staff shortage. It is important to objectively evaluate safety of fundal
pressure on anal sphincter injury. According to our results, we
concluded that fundal pressure during the second stage of delivery is
not associated with a higher risk of OASI. Further well designed, large
prospective studies are needed to estimate the long-term anatomical and
functional outcomes of fundal pressure on anal sphincter.