Bacterial strains, plasmids and primers

The strain SO26 originated from C. glutamicum S9114 underwent a series of modifications (deletion of argF , ncgl1221 ,argR , putP , iolR , and mscCG2 ; attenuation ofodhA , proB , pta , cat , and ncgl2228 ; and overexpression of lysE , gdh , gdh2 ,cg3035 , pfkA , pyk , glt , tkt ,argCJBD , and iolT1 ) was used as a starting strain for further metabolic engineering in this study. E. coli DH5α was used as host for rapid replication of recombinant plasmids. Xylose isomerase (xylA ) and xylulose kinase (xylB ) were amplified from E. coli K-12 MG1655 and X. campestris . The arabinose transporter (araE) were derived from Bacillus subtilis . All the strains and plasmids used in this study are presented in Table 1.