Models were built with a Gaussian error distribution using the ‘lmer’ function from the lme4 package (Bates et al. 2015) and corresponding model summaries and statistical parameters for the fixed effects were calculated with the lmerTest package using Satterthwaite’s method (Kuznetsova et al. 2017). Normality of residual variation was determined by visually inspecting QQplots. Plots were approximately normal and homoscedastic. Models were confirmed to not have significant spatial autocorrelation through calculation of Moran’s I of residuals.