Metabolic pathway of differential metabolites
Function of the pathways associated with differential metabolites analysis by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to understand how multiple pathways altered in response to treat with APEC and BAI in the present study. As shown in Fig. 9A, Phenylalanine metabolism; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; Cysteine and methionine metabolism; Riboflavin metabolism; Tryptophan metabolism; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were enriched in the gut of the APEC group chicken compared to the CON group, while in addition to Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, the D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; Caffeine metabolism, Lysine biosynthesis; Histidine metabolism; Arginine and proline metabolism; TCA cycle; Retinol metabolism; and alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism were enriched in BAI+APEC group compared to the APEC group chickens (Fig. 9B). In addition, Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthsis; Linoleic acid metabolism; Caffeine metabolism; Riboflavin metabolism; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; Histidine metabolism; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; Cysteine and methionine metabolism; and alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism were enriched in the gut of the BAI group compared to the CON group chickens (Fig. 9C).