The changes of gut metabolome induced by treating with APEC
and/or baicalin in chicken
Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least
squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were conducted to the
characterize the variations in the metabolic profiles of different
treatment group chickens. PCA analysis showed that the axes 1 and 2 were
up to 25.9% to 15.1% of the total variation, respectively, and the gut
metabolites in different treated group chickens were clearly distinct
showed in Fig. 8A. In addition, a PLS-DA analysis also revealed distinct
clustering based on the different treatment groups chickens (Fig. 8B).
These results revealed that infection of APEC changed the gut metabolic
profiles, and BAI resulted in the creation of a new gut metabolite
community that different with the CON and APEC group chickens.
Furthermore, a total of 371 metabolites, including amines, amino acids,
ortanic acids, fatty acids, lipids, sugars, and nucleosides were
identified in the gut of chicken. Among these, 65 metabolites were
identified and 45 metabolites as differential between CON and APEC
groups, characteristic by 9 metabolites were significantly up-regulated,
while 36 metabolites were significantly up-regulated in APEC-treated
group compared to the CON group chickens (Table S7). Moreover, when
compared to the APEC and BAI+APEC group chickens. There are 61
metabolites were identified and 43 metabolites as differential between
the two groups, and there are 9 metabolites were increased and 34
metabolites were reduced (Table S8). In addition, there are 82
metabolites were identified and 69 metabolites as differential between
CON and BAI group chickens. There 14 metabolites were up-related and 55
metabolites were down-regulated in BAI groups compared to the CON group
chickens (Table S9).