Effects of treatment regimens on testicular catalase (CAT) activity in acrylamide-challenged rats
Acrylamide, however, induced dramatic decrease in the enzymatic activity amounted to 83% compared to control rats. Concurrent administration of either TQ or capsaicin to the animals given acrylamide resulted in notable increases in the enzymatic activities in testicular tissue amounted to about 236% and 198%, respectively compared to the group that received acrylamide alone.
Further, the group co-treated with capsaicin and acrylamide exhibited lower but significant decrease in CAT activity by about 11% compared to the animals that received TQ and acrylamide (Table 3) .
Effects of treatment regimens on histopathological examination of the testicular tissue specimens
The results are presented as a photomicrograph in figure (2) and severity of histopathological alterations in testicular tissue specimens of different experimental groups was shown.
Effects of treatment regimens on immunohistochemistry localization of nuclear factor (NF-κB /p65) in testicular tissueThe results are presented as a photomicrograph of testicular tissue specimens in figure (3), and intensity of immuno-histological reactions of NF-κB/p65 in of testicular tissue specimens of different experimental groups was shown in table (4).
Acrylamide induced diffuse strong positive immunoreaction of NF-κB/p65 (brown color) in rat testicular tissue. There was dramatic increase in reciprocal intensity amounted to 37-fold compared to normal tissue. Tissue sections obtained from the group co-treated with TQ and acrylamide demonstrated that most of the seminiferous tubules were intact with complete spermatogenic series, and showed weak positive immunoreaction for NF-κB/p65. Reciprocal intensity as a measure of the degree of staining was significantly reduced by about 51% compared to acrylamide-treated animals. Nevertheless, the reciprocal activity was still higher than the normal testicular tissue by 18-fold (Figure 3 and Table 4 ).
Likewise, concurrent administration of capsaicin and acrylamide exhibited less immunoreactivitiy than animals challenged with acrylamide alone. Besides, the reciprocal intensity was significantly reduced by 47% compared to that of acrylamide group. Further, there was no significant difference in the expression profile of NF-κB/p65 following the combination modalities that incorporated acrylamide with either TQ or capsaicin (Figure 3 and Table 4 ).
Effects of treatment regimens on immunoflorescence detection of occludin in testicular tissue
The results are presented as a photomicrograph of testicular tissue specimens in figure (4), and fluorescence intensity of occludin in of testicular tissue specimens of different experimental groups were shown in table (4).
Following acrylamide challenge, there was a marked nadir in the expression of the junctional protein as shown from the apparent decrease in the green fluorescence intensity amounted to 55% compared to control animals associated with loss of most of the integrity of basement membrane surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Administration of TQ to acrylamide-treated rats significantly increased the expression of interstitial occludin by about 99% compared to acrylamide-challenged animals, and almost restored it to the normal expression pattern (Figure 4 and Table 4 ).
By the same token, concomitant administration of capsaicin with acrylamide resulted in notable increase in the expression of occludin at the basement membrane by about 110% compared to rats that received acrylamide alone, and almost brought back the junctional protein expression to the normal level (Figure 4 and Table 4 ).