Figure 2. Sperm morphology and ultrastructure analysis for
patients harboring hemizygous CFAP47 variant.
(a) Papanicolaou staining of spermatozoa obtained from normal control
and patients. The patients’ sperm showed irregular morphology (scale
bars, 5 µm). (b) Detailed defects in sperm were observed in the patient
by SEM. The abnormal annulus of patients is indicated by yellow arrows
(Scale bars, 5 µm). (c) TEM showed the abnormal ultrastructures of the
head and flagellum from the patients’ spermatozoa compared normal
control (Scale bars, 200 nm).