Figure 2. Sperm morphology and ultrastructure analysis for patients harboring hemizygous CFAP47 variant.
(a) Papanicolaou staining of spermatozoa obtained from normal control and patients. The patients’ sperm showed irregular morphology (scale bars, 5 µm). (b) Detailed defects in sperm were observed in the patient by SEM. The abnormal annulus of patients is indicated by yellow arrows (Scale bars, 5 µm). (c) TEM showed the abnormal ultrastructures of the head and flagellum from the patients’ spermatozoa compared normal control (Scale bars, 200 nm).