Figure 3. The characterization of spermatozoa in patients.
(a) Expression of SEPTIN4 was not visible in the sperm annulus of patients compared to normal control (Blue, DAPI; green, SEPTIN4; red, α-tubulin; scale bars, 5 μm). (b) The immunostaining of PNA exhibited imperfect acrosomes in sperm cells of patients compared to the control subject (Blue, DAPI; green, α-tubulin; red, PNA; scale bars, 5 μm). (c) COXⅣ immunostaining disappeared in the sperm of patients compared to the normal control (Blue, DAPI; green, Septin4; red, α-tubulin; scale bars, 5 μm).