Figure 3. The characterization of spermatozoa in patients.
(a) Expression of SEPTIN4 was not visible in the sperm annulus of
patients compared to normal control (Blue, DAPI; green, SEPTIN4; red,
α-tubulin; scale bars, 5 μm). (b) The immunostaining of PNA exhibited
imperfect acrosomes in sperm cells of patients compared to the control
subject (Blue, DAPI; green, α-tubulin; red, PNA; scale bars, 5 μm). (c)
COXⅣ immunostaining disappeared in the sperm of patients compared to the
normal control (Blue, DAPI; green, Septin4; red, α-tubulin; scale bars,
5 μm).