Figure legends
Figure 1: Urinary LTE4 levels in patients with acute dengue . Urinary LTE4 levels were measured by quantitative ELISA, in healthy individuals (n= 19), in those with DF (n= 72) and those who progressed to develop DHF (n=48) with <4 days of illness and in patients with DF (n = 27) and DHF (n= 27) in 5 to 7th day of illness. The p values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test. Error bars represent the median and IQR. *P ˂0.05, **P<0.001, *** P<0.0001
Figure 2 : Association of urinary LTE4 levels serostatus, viral loads and infecting virus serotype in patients with acute dengue . Urinary LTE4 levels were measured in patients with DF (n=21) or DHF (n=05) due to primary infection or DF (n=20) or DHF (n=22) due to secondary infection (a), urinary LTE4 levels were correlated with viral loads in patients with DF and DHF. (b), and the differences in the urinary LTE4 levels were assessed in patients infected with different virus serotypes DENV1 (n=20), DENV2 (n=61) and DENV3 (n=11). The p values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test and the correlation assessed by the Spearmans correlation. Error bars represent the median and IQR. *P ˂0.05, **P<0.001, *** P<0.0001
Figure 3: The usefulness of LTE4 as a predictive factor of DHF.Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves showing the area under the curve (AUC) were generated to determine the discriminatory performance of urinary LTE4 in predicting those who will develop DHF during early illness (≤ 4 days) in those who progressed to develop DHF (n=48) or DF (n= 72). Area under the curve AUC=0.66 and P = 0.0039.
Figure 4: Kinetics and diurnal changes of urinary LTE4 . Urinary LTE4 levels were measured daily from the day of admission to discharge in patients with DF (n=25) and DHF (n=23), throughout the course of illness. The blue lines represent DF and red DHF. Error bars represent standard error of mean (SEM) and mean (a). Urinary LTE4 levels (b) were measured in patients with DF (n= 14) and DHF (n=8) and serum viral loads were measured in patients with DF (n = 13) and DHF (n=7) (c).
Figure 5: Association of urinary LTE4 levels with age and gender in acute dengue. Urinary LTE4 levels in patients with acute dengue were compared between females (n=48) and males (n=72) (a), correlated with the age of the individuals by Spearmans correlation coefficient (b), and compared between different age groups; those ≤ 25 years (n= 55), 26 to 40 years (n = 31) and ≥ 41 years (n = 32) (c). The comparisons were done using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Error bars represent the median and IQR. **P = ˂0.01.
Figure 6 : Urinary Histamine levels in acute dengue infection . Urinary histamine levels were measured by quantitative ELISA, in healthy individuals (n= 29), in those with DF (n= 52) and those who progressed to develop DHF (n=39) with <4 days of illness and in patients with DF (n = 15) and DHF (n= 25) in 5 to 7th day of illness (a). The histamine levels were compared patients with DF (n=17) or DHF (n=05) due to primary infection or DF (n=11) or DHF (n=25) due to secondary infection (b), were correlated with urinary LTE4 levels (c), correlated with the viral loads (d)The p values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test and the correlations carried out by the Spearmans correlation. Error bars represent the median and IQR. *** P<0.0001
Figure 7: Kinetics and diurnal changes of urinary histamine . Urinary histamine levels were measured daily from the day of admission to discharge in patients with DF (n=16) and DHF (n=16), throughout the course of illness. The blue lines represent DF and red DHF. Error bars represent standard error of mean (SEM) and mean (a). Urinary histamine levels (b) were measured in patients with DF (n= 19) and DHF (n=7) and serum viral loads were measured in patients with DF (n = 8) and DHF (n=7) (c). *P ˂0.05,