Experienced n=444 (77.2%) Less experienced n=131 (22.8%)
P
Age (mean ± SD) 66.1 ± 13.3 66.5 ± 4.9 0.326
Male sex 270 (60.8) 73 (55.7) 0.312
Race, Asian 4 (0.9) 2 (1.5) 0.001
Race, black 12 (2.7) 10 (7.6)
Race, Caucasian 416 (93.7) 111 (84)
Race, native American 0 1 (0.8)
Race, other 6 (1.3) 7 (5.3)
BMI (mean ± SD) 26.3 ± 5 28.7 ± 1.9 0.023
DM 56 (12.6) 20 (15.3) 0.463
Dyslipidemia 247 (55.6) 71 (54.2) 0.842
Dialysis 2 (0.4) 2 (1.5) 0.225
Hypertension 292 (65.8) 92 (70.2) 0.399
Current smoker 19 (4.3) 3 (2.3) 0.437
Chronic lung disease 41 (9.2) 22 (16) 0.025
PVD 22 (4.9) 9 (6.9) 0.383
CVD 33 (7.4) 13 (9.9) 0.362
Previous MI 45 (10.1) 14 (10.7) 0.870
CHF 152 (34.2) 58 (44.3) 0.039
NYHA class I 17 (3.8) 5 (3.8) 0.397
NYHA class II 33 (7.4) 8 (6.1)
NYHA class III 53 (11.9) 21 (16.1)
NYHA class IV 47 (10.6) 24 (18.3)
Atrial fibrillation 68 (15.3) 26 (19.8) 0.227
EF% (mean ± SD) 58.7 ± 10.2 54 ± 15.6 0.040
Prior sternotomy 9 (2) 5 (3.8) 0.328
Urgent/emergent status 75 (16.9) 39 (29.8) 0.002