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\begin{document}

\title{Instant Auditory Benefit of an Adhesive BCHD on Children with Bilateral
Congenital Microtia}



\author[1]{Liu-Jie  Ren}%
\author[1]{Ya-Shan Duan}%
\author[2]{Jin-Chao Yu}%
\author[3]{You-zhou Xie}%
\author[4]{Tian-yu Zhang}%
\affil[1]{ENT institute and Department of FPRS}%
\affil[2]{Eye \& ENT Hospital, Fudan University}%
\affil[3]{ENT institute, Eye \& ENT Hospital of Fudan University}%
\affil[4]{Eye \& ENT hospital of fudan university}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 10, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Purposes: To evaluate the instant auditory benefit of an adhesive bone
conduction hearing aid (ADHEAR) on children with bilateral congenital
microtia, especially the sound localization ability under unilateral and
bilateral fitting. Methods: Twelve patients with bilateral congenital
microtia aged from 6 to 17 were included in this study. Pure tone
threshold under sound field, speech recognition threshold in quiet and
sound localization abilities were tested and compared before and after
wearing the device. The pure tone threshold test was additionally
repeated for two different wearing method -- adhesive or fixed with
softband; the sound localization test was repeated for both unilateral
and bilateral fitting. Correlation analysis was then conducted to find
the influencing factors of sound localization improvement. Results:
Significant auditory improvement were found: the average pure tone
threshold (PTA) reduced by 24.8 (adhesive) and 27.3 dB HL (softband),
with no significant difference between the two wearing methods. The
speech recognition threshold also improved by 29.0 dB. As for sound
localization abilities, no significant improvement was found under
unilateral fitting; but half (6 of 12) of the patients were notably
benefited from bilateral fitting. The improvement was found to be strong
correlated with the patients' unaided sound localization ability --
those with poorer localization abilities tends to benefit more.
Moreover, it was found that the sound localization improvement was also
negatively related with the malformation degrees of the patients' head.
Summary: ADHEAR affords significant auditory benefits for children with
bilateral congenital microtia, in terms of sound and speech perception.
The sound localization abilities could be partly improved instantly by
bilateral fitting, and the improvement is related with factors such as
adaption and skull malformations.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Key points:}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  The adhesive bone conduction hearing device (BCHD) -- ADHEAR offers
  significant auditory gain to children with bilateral congenital
  microtia.
\item
  The adhesive wearing method of ADHEAR performs as well as the
  conventional softband, which sufficiently releases the static pressure
  and offers more comfort.
\item
  For bilateral congenital microtia, unilateral fitting of ADHEAR does
  not improvement the sound localization ability, while bilateral
  fitting demonstrates instant improvement in half of the patients.
\item
  The improvement of sound localization ability under bilateral fitting
  is strongly correlated with the unaided sound localization ability --
  patients who performs worse when unaided tend to benefit more.
\item
  The skull malformation also disturbs the sound localization after
  bilateral fitting. Therefore, a detailed fitting procedure may be in
  need.
\end{enumerate}

\section*{1. Introduction}

{\label{introduction}}

Bilateral congenital microtia is commonly accompanied with
mild-to-severe conductive hearing loss (CHL), which, if untreated,
greatly affect the patients' daily communication, causing developmental
retardation of speech, poor learning achievement and mental diseases
{[}1{]}. Bone conduction hearing devices (BCHDs) are widely used to
improve the hearing ability of congenital microtia {[}2{]}. Wearable
BCHD is proven to be an effective temporary or life-time solution for
young patients not suitable for, or adults refusing implantable devices
{[}3{]}. Most wearable BCHDs are attached to the patient's skin (usually
on the mastoid or forehead) with a softband, steel-spring headband or
other types of fixation, which causes a pressure on the skin. This
pressure, reported optimal to be about 3\textasciitilde{}5 Newtons for
good fixation and auditory performance {[}4-6{]}, smaller than the
un-tolerable pain limit, however, leads to discomfort, skin reactions
and/or pains for long-time use. Skin pressure is also involved in
implantable bone conduction systems (e.g. BAHA attract, Sophono and
BoneBridge) and the pressure-induced skin reaction problem, although
greatly reduced compared to the bone-anchored system, should still be
cautiously taken care of {[}7,8{]}.

To overcome the above pressure and pressure-induced issues, a
pressure-free, wearable bone conduction hearing device named ADHEAR was
designed, with an adhesive adapter to ensure attachment onto the skin.
Auditory benefit of this device has already been estimated for bilateral
or unilateral CHL such as otosclerosis, otitis media and congenital
macrotia in both adults {[}9{]} and children {[}10,11{]}. But the data
for children with congenital microtia are still limited. Therefore, one
purpose of this study is to gain an instant evaluation of the auditory
benefit of bilateral congenital microtia children using ADHEAR.

Another issue considered in this study is the sound localization under
bilateral fitting. Bilateral fitting provides better hearing
performance, for example, the threshold decreases by about
3\textasciitilde{}6 dB, called the ``summation effect'' {[}12{]}. The
speech recognition in quiet and noise environment also improves, so as
the sound localization {[}13,14{]}.

Sound localization, especially for hearing impaired people and under
bone conduction, is an old talk but not fully clarified {[}15{]}. There
are still dispute on the sound localization benefit for unilateral
hearing loss (either conductive or sensorineural) fitted with BCHD
{[}16-18{]}, which seems to be strongly related with factors such as
whether the hearing loss is congenital or acquired {[}19,20{]}.
Unlikely, it is commonly accepted that a bilateral fitting of BCHDs
would be advantageous in sound localization for bilateral CHL
{[}21-23{]}. Above all, the other aim of the study is to give an
overview of sound localization benefits of bilateral congenital microtia
with unilateral or bilateral fitting of BCHDs. Moreover, the possible
influencing factors are studies.

\section*{2. Subjects and Methods}

{\label{subjects-and-methods}}

\subsection*{2.1. Subjects}

{\label{subjects}}

Twelve children (age: 11.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.0 years) with mild-to-severe bilateral
conductive hearing loss due to congenital microtia were included in this
study. Pure tone threshold was previously conducted to ensure that the
average threshold (PTA, averaged of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) satisfies the
following criteria: PTA for air conduction \selectlanguage{english}[?] 45 dB HL and the air-bone
gap (ABG) \selectlanguage{english}[?] 25 dB HL. Most subjects suffered from bilateral conductive
hearing loss, the only exception is a patient (No.10) with bilateral
mixed hearing loss. All patients' characteristics are presented in Table
1.

Clinical CT data of the 12 patients were also included in this study.
Two doctors majored in plastic surgery, who were not aware of the study
purpose, help to evaluate the level of facial malformation according to
the skull CT as well as the photos of the patients. Pruzansky-Kaban
classification for hemifacial microsomia was adopted, with five
different types, 0, I, IIa, IIb and III for increasing severity
{[}24,25{]}.

For comparative purposes, a group of 6 control listeners, aged 7-18
(mean 12.0 years), without hearing loss, were also included in the
study. These listeners had pure tone thresholds (both air and bone
conduction) below 20 dB HL, with the range of 0.5-8 kHz in both ears.
All the control listeners were not informed about the purpose and
details of the study. Sound localization test, with the same setups for
the patients (which will be presented later), was conducted. The average
performance of the control listeners was adopted as the sound
localization response for normal hearing people under air conduction.

\subsection*{2.2. Setup and test
procedures}

{\label{setup-and-test-procedures}}

Sound field pure tone threshold, speech recognition threshold in quiet
were tested. All tests were carried out in a sound-treated room. The
background noise was below 30 dBA, measured by a calibrated sound level
meter. The tests were conducted for all patients, before and after
fitting with one ADHEAR device. The aided side is chosen randomly if the
patient had never used a bone conduction device according to the
patient's preference. Or else, if the patient was using a BCHD, the
ADHEAR devices was fitted onto the mastoid of the patient's ``usual''
side. During the test, the patient was seated in front of a speaker,
approximately 1 meter away. For sound field threshold test, wobble sound
of six frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz) were used. For speech
recognition test, a short sentence of 7 Chinese characters were used.

\subsection*{2.3. Sound localization test}

{\label{sound-localization-test}}

Twelve speakers were mounted at head level, forming a semi-circle,
ranging from -82.5deg to 82.5deg with 15deg intervals. The subject (a patient
or a control listener) was seated in the center of the semi-circle,
approximately 1 meter from the speakers and turned his/her back to the
speakers, see Fig.1. During the test, a recorded gunshot sound (65 dB
SPL) was presented by a random speaker, and the subject was then asked
to recognize the sound direction by picking out the right speaker.
Randomized trials of 24 presentations were given, each speaker presented
2 times. During the presentation, the subject was not permitted to turn
his/her head. No training or feedback were given. The test was carried
out in three cases, before the patient was fitted by the ADHEAR device
(unaided case), fitted with one device (unilateral fitting) to two
devices (bilateral fitting). During bilateral fitting, the output gains
of two devices were kept the same. The aided side in the unilateral
fitting case was defined as 90deg, and its opposite side was accordingly
-90deg.

Root mean square error (RMSE) was adopted to evaluate the localization
results, defined as

\begin{equation}
RMSE=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(\theta_{i}^{\text{stimulus}}-\theta_{i}^{\text{response}}\right)^{2}}\nonumber \\
 \end{equation}

where \emph{n} = 24 is the number of presentations,\(\theta_{i}^{\text{stimulus}}\)
and \(\theta_{i}^{\text{response}}\)are the stimulus and response angles of the
\emph{i} -th presentation, respectively. The chance level of RMSE in our
setup is about 73.2\selectlanguage{ngerman}°, according to a Monte Carlo simulation. And in the
case of good lateralization but poor localization, the chance level of
RMSE is about 36.4°.

\subsection*{2.4. Data analysis}

{\label{data-analysis}}

Primary statistical methods were used, paired Student's T-tests were
adopted to evaluate differences between groups, where \(P<0.05\)
was considered significant difference. For evaluation of the influencing
factors of sound localization improvement, the Pearson correlation
coefficient \emph{r} (ranging from -1 to 1) was adopted,

\begin{equation}
r=\frac{\sum\left(X-\overset{\overline{}}{X}\right)\left(Y-\overset{\overline{}}{Y}\right)}{\sqrt{\sum\left(X-\overset{\overline{}}{X}\right)^{2}}\times\sqrt{\sum\left(Y-\overset{\overline{}}{Y}\right)^{2}}}=\frac{\text{cov}\left(X,Y\right)}{S_{X}S_{Y}}\nonumber \\
 \end{equation}

where \(X,\ Y\) are two pared sets of data, ~\(\overset{\overline{}}{X}\)
and ~\(\overset{\overline{}}{Y}\) are their mean values, \(cov(X,Y)\) is
covariance of \(X\) and
\(Y\),\(S_{X}\) and \(S_{Y}\) are
variances of \(X\) and \(Y\), respectively.
All data analysis was conducted using the mathematical software MATLAB
(version 2020a, MathWorks).

\section*{3. Results}

{\label{results}}

\subsection*{3.1. Pure tone threshold under sound
field}

{\label{pure-tone-threshold-under-sound-field}}

Figure 2(A) presents the frequency-related sound field pure tone
threshold, in the unaided, adhesive and softband cases. The average
threshold (PTA) are 52.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±5.8 dB HL in the unaided case, 27.3±3.4 dB HL
in the adhesive case and 24.8±3.1 dB HL in the softband case, as shown
in Fig.2(B). Significant improvements are found (\(P<0.0001)\). The
average benefit was 24.8±7.8 dB HL and 27.3±7.0 dB HL for the adhesive
and softband cases, respectively. Although softband seems to be a little
bit better than adhesive case, their difference in auditory benefit is
statistically not significant (\(P=0.054\)).

\subsection*{3.2. Speech recognition in
quite}

{\label{speech-recognition-in-quite}}

Figure 2(C) shows the speech recognition thresholds in the unaided and
adhesive cases. The mean recognition thresholds are 68.5±6.2 dB when
unaided, and significantly improves to 39.4±9.2 dB after aided
(\(P<0.0001)\), with an improvement of 29.0±5.2 dB.

\subsection*{3.3. Sound localization in
azimuth}

{\label{sound-localization-in-azimuth}}

Figure 3 gives two typical trials of sound localization test in the
unaided, unilateral fitting and bilateral fitting cases. One (patient
No. 8, Fig.3(A1-A3)) demonstrates obvious improvement after bilateral
fitting, with stimulus-response relations closer to the diagonal
regression line \(y=x\). The RMSE values are 68.1°
(unaided,\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}\)), 69.8° (unilateral,\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}\)) and
38.0° (bilateral,\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}\)). The other (patient No. 7,
Fig.3(B1-B3)), however, shows no improvement.

Unilateral fitting generally shows no improvement, and usually the
laterization bias to the aiding side. In contrast, bilateral fitting
gives bipolar results, either with great improvement, or with no
improvement and even deterioration. Therefore, the patients could be
classified into two groups, i.e., improvement and non-improvement groups
under bilateral fitting, each group contains 6 patients. In the
improvement group, the RMSE values decrease by at least 20 degrees,
showing great improvement in sound localization. Table 2 presents the
sound localization results in terms of RMSE values for individual
patients. The patients are reorders for better interpolation of the two
groups.

The RMSE decreases from 67.9±10.9° (unaided) to 33.7±4.9° (bilateral
fitting) in the improvement group (\(n=6\)), with a
significant difference of \(\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}\)=33.3±8.1°
(\(P<0.001\)); while the RMSEs in the non-improvement group are
49.7±15.0° (unaided) and 57.7±15.1° (bilateral fitting), with no
statistical difference. As for unilateral fitting, no significant
improvement could be found, for both groups or for all patients
together. Figure 4 presents the stimulus-response relation for the two
groups separately for an intuitive view. Subfigure (A1-A3) put together
the results of the improvement group (\(n=6\)). After
bilateral fitting, the stimulus-response dots distribution obvious get
closer to the diagonal line, as shown in subfigure (A3), indicating the
significant improvement. Such improvement is not demonstrated in the
non-development group, as shown in Fig.4(B1-B3). However, the
improved\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}\) for the improvement group is 33.7±4.9°,
which is still obviously worse than the average score of the control
listeners under air conduction (14.9±2.3°, see Fig.4(C)). Additionally,
as shown in Fig.4(A2 and B2), the response angles are mostly distributed
between 0 to 90°, i.e. the aided side.

\subsection*{3.4. Influencing factors of sound
localization}

{\label{influencing-factors-of-sound-localization}}

The dots in Fig.5(A) gives the correlation between the unaided RMSE
(\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}},\ \)\emph{x} -axis) and its improvement after bilateral
fitting (\emph{y} -axis), namely,\(\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{bi}}\). A strong positive
correlation is shown between\(\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}\) and \(\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}\),
with a Pearson's \emph{r} of +0.74. The dashed line in Fig.5(A) gives a
linear fitting of their relation, and the solid line show the chance
level.

Figure 5(B) gives the relation between the malformation degree
and\(\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{bi}}\). Different stages of P-K malformations (0, I,
IIa, IIb, III) were quantized into integers 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, see Table
2. In this study, no patients were classified as stage III. A slightly
negative correlation exists (\(r=-0.22\)). However, as along as
one patient (No.9) get excluded, the negative correlation become clearer
with \(r=-0.49\). The excluded patient had an impressively good
localization performance in the unaided case, and the aided performance
got even worse, indicating that the malformation degree is a less
important factor for him.

No correlation can be found between \(\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}\) and the
malformation degree, see Figure 5(C), indicating that the malformation
degree is an independent factor.

\section*{4. Discussions}

{\label{discussions}}

\subsection*{4.1. Auditory gain of the
device}

{\label{auditory-gain-of-the-device}}

ADHEAR gives instant auditory gain for all the patients included in this
study. The sound field pure tone threshold and speech recognition
threshold were both significantly decreased in our test. The auditory
gain is about 25 dB in this study (Fig.2(A-B)), which is similar with
other published results {[}26{]}. The speech recognition threshold was
also greatly improved by about 29 dB, see Fig.2(C).

One may concern that the absence of pressure may affect the performance
of a BCHD. According to our study, the auditory gain of ADHEAR is only
slightly reduced when using the adhesive pad instead of the conventional
softband or headband. The adhesive design enables ADHEAR free from the
required static pressure {[}4-6{]} for other BCHDs. The pressure is
required mainly because a close and tight attachment is needed for
effective vibration transmission. Huber et al. (2011) found that BC
threshold between 2-4kHz would be lower by at a static pressure of 5N,
than that of 2N {[}27{]}. The difference between adhesive or softband
attachment of different static pressures may result from the change of
skin impedance, which affect the performance of the device {[}28,29{]}.
Most patients in our study were satisfied with the ADHEAR device,
especially due to its small size, concealment and press-free design.

\subsection*{4.2. Sound localization under unilateral
fitting}

{\label{sound-localization-under-unilateral-fitting}}

Unilateral aid for bilateral CHL is unable to form a reliable interaural
level difference (ILD) and time difference (ITD), which are essential to
horizontal sound localization {[}15{]}. Therefore, it is not surprising
that the sound localization performance of most patients in this study
did not benefit from unilateral fitting. In fact, some even performed
worse, see Table 2. Usually, their localization bias to the aided side,
see Fig.4(A2 and B2).

The exception is patient No. 2, an eleven-year-old boy who also benefits
from unilateral fitting. The reason is unknown yet. Since this patient
has been fitted with a BCHD unliterally for more than 9 years, it is
possible that this patient has develop monoaural sound localization
ability {[}30{]}.

\subsection*{4.3. Sound localization under bilateral
fitting}

{\label{sound-localization-under-bilateral-fitting}}

The concept that bilateral bone conduction enables direction hearing,
has been generally accepted. However, most children with bilateral CHL
was usually treated using unilateral fitting, because of cost-effective
considerations. In our study, half of the patients gain significant
benefit in sound localization instantly after bilateral fitting of
ADHEAR devices, but still not to the normal people level (see Fig.4(A3
and C)). Their improved RMSE score is closed to the results of good
lateralization with poor localization (36.4°, see Table 2). According to
Agterberg et al. (2011){[}19{]}, the long-term performance tends to be
better, but still not reaching the normal people level. They used the
mean absolute error (MAE) as an assessment instead. The MAE was 66° for
patients with bilateral conductive/mixed hearing loss, and improved to
about 25° (compared with a good lateralization, poor localization score
of 35°) at least ten weeks after bilateral fitting of BCHDs, while for
the control group of normal listeners, the MAE was as good as 8°. This
may be caused by the mechanism of bone conduction, e.g. cross hearing
between the two cochleae {[}12,14{]}.

\subsection*{4.4. Influencing factors of sound
localization}

{\label{influencing-factors-of-sound-localization-1}}

Half of the patients did not benefit from bilateral fitting instantly,
or even perform worse, according to this study. The instant sound
localization improvement is strongly correlated with the unaided
performance, see Fig.5(A). Since training and adaption are crucial in
the forming of sound localization. Patient with bilateral hearing loss,
who get good sound localization score in the unaided, have already been
well adapted. An alteration of their hearing preformation (typically, by
wearing BCHDs), will worsen their sound localization ability in the
short term.

Another influencing factor is the skull malformation degrees, according
to our results. Bone conduction pathways are much more complicated than
air conduction, these pathways are often categorized according to the
anatomical divisions that bone conduction sound affects -- the outer ear
component, the middle ear component and the inner ear component,
respectively {[}12{]}. Malformations of the head will cause the
asymmetry of the skull bones as well as other essential structures that
are involved in the bone conduction pathways. Although the skull anatomy
is drastically individually different, the asymmetry of skull is not as
significant, therefore, the vibration transmission of bone conduction
shows good symmetry in normal people {[}31{]}. However, this may not be
true for patients with congenital microtia, who are usually accompanied
with different kinds of facial malformations, such as hemifacial
microsomia. A potential solution for those patients is a more careful
fitting process to balance their bone conduction hearing of the two
ears.

Symmetric hearing loss may also be an influencing factor of sound
localization ability under bilateral fitting of BCHDs {[}32{]}. In this
work, all patients had symmetric or slight asymmetric conductive hearing
loss component, and the sensorineural component was also symmetric (the
BC thresholds of both the ears were symmetric). Age is also an
influencing factor, although statistically no obvious correlation
between the sound localization improvement and age were found in this
study. The sound localization ability for normal hearing people is
developed before the age of 8 {[}15{]}. Most subjects in our study is
above the age of 8, except Patient No. 7, who did not benefit from
binaural fitting.

\subsection*{4.5. Limitation and future
work}

{\label{limitation-and-future-work}}

Currently, patients with bilateral congenital microtia, who wear, or
implanted with BCHDs, are mostly unilaterally aided. Therefore,
long-term outcomes of bilateral fitting for these patients are very
limited. However, bilateral fitting is beneficial for directional
hearing, which is getting more concerns for these patients and their
families. The main limitation of this study is the lack of long-term
results, which need future work.

\section*{5. Summary}

{\label{summary}}

In this study, instant auditory outcome of children with bilateral
congenital microtia fitted with BCHDs (ADHEAR) were given. The adhesive
ADHEAR device offers a good solution for hearing reconstruction of these
children, demonstrating good auditory benefits in the pure-tone sound
field threshold as well as speech recognition. Bilateral fitting of
ADHEAR will also improve the sound localization ability. But some
patients may not get benefited in short term because of adaption
problems, those who get benefited somehow did not reach the level of
normal hearing people. Moreover, for children with moderate to several
facial malformations, the sound localization recovery would require more
efforts, and maybe a personalized and careful fitting procedure is
needed.

\section*{References}

{\label{references}}

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  bilateral bone conduction stimulation in normal hearing
  subjects{[}J{]}. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
  2013, 134(1): 481-493.
\item
  Blauert J. Spatial hearing: the psychophysics of human sound
  localization{[}M{]}. MIT press, 1997.
\item
  Sylvester D C, Gardner R, Reilly P G, et al. Audiologic and surgical
  outcomes of a novel, nonpercutaneous, bone conducting hearing
  implant{[}J{]}. Otology \& Neurotology, 2013, 34(5): 922-926.
\item
  Battista R A, Mullins K, Wiet R M, et al. Sound localization in
  unilateral deafness with the Baha or TransEar device{[}J{]}. JAMA
  Otolaryngology--Head \& Neck Surgery, 2013, 139(1): 64-70.
\item
  Nelissen R C, Agterberg M J H, Hol M K S, et al. Three-year experience
  with the Sophono in children with congenital conductive unilateral
  hearing loss: tolerability, audiometry, and sound localization
  compared to a bone-anchored hearing aid{[}J{]}. European Archives of
  Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2016, 273(10): 3149-3156.
\item
  Agterberg M J H, Snik A F M, Hol M K S, et al. Improved horizontal
  directional hearing in bone conduction device users with acquired
  unilateral conductive hearing loss{[}J{]}. Journal of the Association
  for Research in Otolaryngology, 2011, 12(1): 1-11.
\item
  Agterberg M J H, Snik A F M, Hol M K S, et al. Contribution of
  monaural and binaural cues to sound localization in listeners with
  acquired unilateral conductive hearing loss: improved directional
  hearing with a bone-conduction device{[}J{]}. Hearing research, 2012,
  286(1-2): 9-18.
\item
  Snik A D, Leijendeckers J, Hol M, et al. The bone-anchored hearing aid
  for children: recent developments{[}J{]}. International journal of
  audiology, 2008, 47(9): 554-559.
\item
  Agterberg M J H, Hol M K S, Cremers C W R J, et al. Conductive hearing
  loss and bone conduction devices: restored binaural
  hearing?{[}M{]}//Implantable bone conduction hearing aids. Karger
  Publishers, 2011, 71: 84-91.
\item
  Dun C A J, Agterberg M J H, Cremers C W R J, et al. Bilateral bone
  conduction devices: improved hearing ability in children with
  bilateral conductive hearing loss{[}J{]}. Ear and hearing, 2013,
  34(6): 806-808.
\item
  Pruzansky S. Not all dwarfed mandibles are alike{[}J{]}. Birth
  defects, 1969, 5: 120-129.
\item
  Kaban L B, Moses M H, Mulliken J B. Surgical correction of hemifacial
  microsomia in the growing child{[}J{]}. Plastic and reconstructive
  surgery, 1988, 82(1): 9-19.
\item
  Almuhawas F, Alzhrani F, Saleh S, et al. Auditory Performance and
  Subjective Satisfaction with the ADHEAR System{[}J{]}. Audiology and
  Neurotology, 2020: 1-10.
\item
  Ito T, Roosli C, Kim C J, et al. Bone conduction thresholds and skull
  vibration measured on the teeth during stimulation at different sites
  on the human head{[}J{]}. Audiology and Neurotology, 2011, 16(1):
  12-22.
\item
  Cortes D. Bone conduction transducer: Output force dependency on load
  condition{[}R{]}. Chalmers University of Technology, 2002.
\item
  Chang Y. A Finite Element Model of the Human Head for Simulation of
  Bone-conducted Sound{[}M{]}. Linkoping University Electronic Press,
  2018.
\item
  Slattery III W H, Middlebrooks J C. Monaural sound localization: acute
  versus chronic unilateral impairment{[}J{]}. Hearing research, 1994,
  75(1-2): 38-46.
\item
  Stenfelt S, Goode R L. Transmission properties of bone conducted
  sound: measurements in cadaver heads{[}J{]}. The Journal of the
  Acoustical Society of America, 2005, 118(4): 2373-2391.
\item
  Priwin C, Stenfelt S, Granstrom G, et al. Bilateral bone\selectlanguage{english}-anchored
  hearing aids (BAHAs): an audiometric evaluation{[}J{]}. The
  Laryngoscope, 2004, 114(1): 77-84.
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Table 1} Characteristics of 12 children in this study\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Subject} \textbf{Number}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Age (years)} \textbf{at time} \textbf{of tests}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gender}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Age (years)} \textbf{of wearing} \textbf{BCHDs}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{BCHD type}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.09\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PTA (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) in dB HL}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Left side}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Left side}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Left side}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Right side}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Right side}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Right side}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AC}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{BC}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{ABG}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AC}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{BC}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{ABG}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
F\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
P\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.25\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
B\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
57.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
35.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
F\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.75\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
F\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
47.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
71.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
57.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
31.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
35.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
42.50\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
F\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
58.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
77.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
B\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.75\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
42.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
B\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.25\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.25\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
M\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.00\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
42.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.00\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65.8\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.3\selectlanguage{ngerman}±7.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.5\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.3\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24.8\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
42.4\selectlanguage{ngerman}±9.0\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.07\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA -- the patient has not used BCHDs before; P -- Ponto headband; B --
Baha softband; PTA -- pure tone average; AC -- air conduction; BC --
bone conduction; ABG -- air-bone gap\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\textbf{Table 2} Sound localization results of the 12 subjects\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Groups}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Subject} \textbf{number}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Subject} \textbf{number}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{unaided} \[\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{unaid}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{unilateral} \textbf{fitting} \[\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{uni}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{bilateral} \textbf{fitting} \[\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{bi}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\mathbf{\Delta}\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{uni}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\mathbf{\Delta}\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{uni}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\mathbf{\Delta}\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{bi}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\mathbf{\Delta}\mathbf{\text{RMSE}}_{\mathbf{\text{bi}}}\]\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pruzansky-Kaban} \textbf{classification / score}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pruzansky-Kaban} \textbf{classification / score}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Non- Improvement Group\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
48.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-15.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-35.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
I / 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
48.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
71.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
57.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-23.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-9.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
I / 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-14.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-5.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIb / 3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
71.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
77.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-3.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIb / 3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
58.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIb / 3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
42.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-3.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIa / 2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Improvement Group\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-22.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIa / 2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
58.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-3.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0 / 0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
68.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIa / 2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-10.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
I / 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
78.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
74.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
IIa / 2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
79.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
44.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
I / 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Non-improv.\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
49.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±15.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
57.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±15.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-9.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-9.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-8.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-8.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Improvement\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
67.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±10.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65.9\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±20.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±20.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.3\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.1*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.3\selectlanguage{ngerman}±8.1*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Total\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
58.4\selectlanguage{ngerman}±15.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.4\selectlanguage{ngerman}±12.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-4.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-4.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±16.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±24.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.7\selectlanguage{ngerman}±24.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\[\Delta\text{RMSE}_{\text{uni}}=\text{RMSE}_{\text{unaid}}-\text{RMS}E_{\text{uni}};\ \ \selectlanguage{greek}\text{ΔRMS}\selectlanguage{english}E_{\text{bi}}=RMSE_{\text{unaid}}-RMSE_{\text{bi}}\] * Significant improved, \(P<0.001.\)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/fig01/fig01}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/fig02/fig02}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/fig03/fig03}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/fig04/fig04}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/fig05/fig05}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

