|
SUCCESS |
SUCCESS |
FAILURE |
FAILURE |
p value |
|
(n = 903) |
(n = 903) |
(n = 194) |
(n = 194) |
|
Potential risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
Maternal body mass index (kg/m²) |
24.08 |
± 4.70 |
25.14 |
±
5.57 |
0.014 |
Maternal height (m) |
1.643 |
± 0.061 |
1.629 |
± 0.066 |
0.0047 |
Number of previous vaginal deliveries |
0.25 |
± 0.68 |
0.28 |
± 0.73 |
0.49 |
Number of previous caesarean sections |
0.14 |
± 0.36 |
0.12 |
± 0.32 |
0.51 |
Fundal height (cm) |
32.89 |
± 1.91 |
33.63 |
± 2.17 |
< 0.001 |
Ratio of fundal height to maternal height (m/m) |
0.20 |
± 0.01 |
0.21 |
± 0.02 |
< 0.001 |
Term (weeks of gestation) |
40.12 |
± 1.15 |
40.35 |
± 1.16 |
0.012 |
Duration from 5 cm to complete cervical dilation (h) |
3.85 |
±
2.38 |
4.76 |
± 2.50 |
< 0.001 |
Duration at complete cervical dilation (min) |
114.61 |
± 74.26 |
99.30 |
± 82.98 |
0.022 |
Duration of expulsive efforts (min) |
16.41 |
± 9.46 |
14.22 |
± 9.38 |
0.0037 |
Head - perineum distance (mm) |
48.97 |
± 6.86 |
55.74 |
±
10.87 |
< 0.001 |
Fetal head position |
|
|
|
|
<
0.001 |
- occiput-anterior |
369 |
(40.86 %) |
54 |
(27.84 %) |
|
- occiput-posterior or occiput-transverse |
534 |
(59.14 %) |
140 |
(72.16 %) |
|
Caput succedaneum |
|
|
|
|
<
0.001 |
- absent or insignificant |
839 |
(92.91 %) |
166 |
(85.56 %) |
|
- medium-sized |
43 |
(4.76 %) |
14 |
(7.22 %) |
|
- bulky |
21 |
(2.33 %) |
14 |
(7.22 %) |
|
Onset of labour |
|
|
|
|
0.017 |
- spontaneous |
700 |
(77.61 %) |
135 |
(69.59 %) |
|
- induced |
202 |
(22.39 %) |
59 |
(30.41 %) |
|
Indication of vacuum-assisted delivery |
|
|
|
|
0.35 |
- fetal distress |
410 |
(45.40 %) |
81 |
(41.75 %) |
|
- dystocia/other |
493 |
(54.60 %) |
113 |
(58.25 %) |
|
Maternal and neonatal outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
Apgar score at 5 minutes |
9.63 |
± 0.96 |
9.56 |
± 0.93 |
0.34 |
Arterial umbilical cord blood pH |
7.18 |
± 0.10 |
7.13 |
±
0.10 |
< 0.001 |
Quantity of blood loss (cc) |
206.77 |
± 234.43 |
475.23 |
±
422.68 |
< 0.001 |
Perineal tear |
|
|
|
|
|
- absent or not severe (first or second degree) |
886 |
(98.12 %) |
|
|
|
- severe (third or fourth degree) |
17 |
(1.88 %) |
|
|
|
Immediate neonatal resuscitation |
|
|
|
|
0.025 |
- unnecessary |
680 |
(75.30 %) |
131 |
(67.53 %) |
|
- yes |
223 |
(24.70 %) |
63 |
(32.47 %) |
|
Neonatal transfer |
|
|
|
|
<
0.001 |
- no |
857 |
(94.91 %) |
169 |
(88.48 %) |
|
- in neonatal unit or neonatal intensive care unit |
46 |
(5.09 %) |
22 |
(11.52 %) |
|
Results of quantitative variables: mean ± standard deviation. Results of
qualitative variables: frequency (percent). |
Results of quantitative
variables: mean ± standard deviation. Results of qualitative variables:
frequency (percent). |
Results of quantitative variables: mean ±
standard deviation. Results of qualitative variables: frequency
(percent). |
Results of quantitative variables: mean ± standard
deviation. Results of qualitative variables: frequency (percent). |
Results of quantitative variables: mean ± standard deviation. Results of
qualitative variables: frequency (percent). |
Results of quantitative
variables: mean ± standard deviation. Results of qualitative variables:
frequency (percent). |