FIGURE 3 Distribution of the NT and the occlusion status of the
superior PV among patients in the CST ablation success group and the CST
ablation failure group. The NT in the CST ablation success group was
mainly observed in the temperature range of ≤-46°C when complete
occlusion was achieved. In contrast, the NT in the CST ablation failure
group was widely scattered throughout all temperatures, except in
temperatures in which the CST ablation success group was mainly
observed. CST, crosstalk; NT, nadir balloon temperature; PV, pulmonary
vein
FIGURE 4 Successful CST ablation case. A, LSPV isolation was
not achieved by CB ablation with an NT of 52°C, complete LSPV occlusion,
and freezing duration of 240 seconds. B, Successful CST ablation during
CB ablation of the LIPV was observed. Both LSPV and LIPV were isolated
simultaneously and LIPV ectopic beats conducted to the LSPV without
conducting to the LA. AP, anterior posterior; CB, cryoballoon; CS,
coronary sinus; CST, crosstalk; LA, left atrium; LAO, left anterior
oblique; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior
pulmonary vein; NT, nadir balloon temperature
(A)