References
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., (2015). Fitting linear
mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software,67, 1–48.
Bartelt-Ryser, J., Joshi, J., Schmid, B., Brandl, H, Balser, T. (2005).
Soil feedbacks of plant diversity on soil microbial communities and
subsequent plant growth. Perspect. Plant Ecology and Evolution ,
7, 27–49.
Cardinale, B. J., Wright, J. P.,
Cadotte, M. W., Carroll, I. T., Hector, A., Srivastava, D. S., et al.
(2007). Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase
through time because of species complementarity, Proceedings of
the national academy of sciences USA, 104 (46), 18123-18128.
Chen, X., and Chen, HYH. (2019). Plant diversity loss reduces soil
respiration across terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology,25, 1482-1492.
Chen, C., Chen, HYH., Chen, X., Huang, Z. (2019) Meta-analysis shows
positive effects of plant diversity on microbial biomass and
respiration. Nature Communications, 10, 1332.
Chen, X., Chen, H., Chen, C., Ma, Z., Searle, E. B., Yu, Z., Huang, Z.
(2020) Effects of plant diversity on soil carbon in diverse ecosystems:
a global meta-analysis. Biological Reviews, 95, 167-183.
Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., Valentine, J. C. (Eds.) (2009). The handbook
of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Russell
Sage Foundation.
Cowles, J. M., Wragg, P. D., Wright,
A. J., Powers, J. S., Tilman, D. (2016). Shifting grassland plant
community structure drives positive interactive effects of warming and
diversity on aboveground net primary productivity. Global Change
Biology, 22 (2), 741-749.
Craven, D., Isbell, F., Manning, P.,
Connolly, J., Bruelheide, H., Ebeling, A., Eisenhauer, N. (2016). Plant
diversity effects on grassland productivity are robust to both nutrient
enrichment and drought. Philosophical transactions - Royal
Society. Biological sciences, 371 (1694).
Duffy, J. E., Godwin, C., M. Cardinale, B. J., (2017). Biodiversity
effects in the wild are common and as strong as key drivers of
productivity. Nature , 549, 261–264.
Eisenhauer, N., Beler, H., Engels, C., Gleixner, G., Habekost, M.,
Milcu, A., et al. (2010). Plant diversity effects on soil microorganisms
support the singular hypothesis. Ecology , 91, 485–496.
Fay, P. A., Prober, S. M., Harpole, W. S., Knops, J. M., et al. (2015).
Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients. Nature
Plants , 1, 1-5.
Fridley, J. D. (2002). Resource availability dominates and alters the
relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in
experimental plant communities. Oecologia , 132(2), 271-277.
Gurevitch, J., Koricheva, J.,
Nakagawa, S., Stewart, G. (2018). Meta-analysis and the science of
research synthesis. Nature, 555 (7695), 175-182.
Hautier, Y., Isbell, F., Borer, E. T.,
Seabloom, E. W., Harpole, W. S., Lind, E. M., Hector, A. (2018). Local
loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem
multifunctionality. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2 (1), 50-56.
Hector, A., Hautier, Y., Saner, P.,
Wacker, L., Bagchi, R., Joshi, J., Caldeira, M. C. (2010). General
stabilizing effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity through
population asynchrony and overyielding. Ecology, 91 (8),
2213-2220.
Hedges, L., Gurevitch, J., Curtis, P.
(1999). The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology.Ecology, 80 (4), 1150-1156.
Isbell, F., Tilman, D., Polasky, S.,
Binder, S., Hawthorne, P. (2013). Low biodiversity state persists two
decades after cessation of nutrient enrichment. Ecology Letters,
16 (4), 454-460.
Janssens, I. A., Dieleman, W., Luyssaert, S., Subke, J. A., Reichstein,
M., Ceulemans, R., et al. (2010). Reduction of forest soil respiration
in response to nitrogen deposition. Nature Geoscience , 3(5),
315-322.
Johnson, J. B., Omland, K. S. (2004). Model selection in ecology and
evolution. Trends Ecology and Evolution , 19, 101–108.
Khlifa, R., Paquette, A., Messier, C., Reich, P. B. Munson, A. D.
(2017). Do temperate tree species diversity and identity influence soil
microbial community function and composition? Ecology and Evolution, 7,
7965–7974.
Kreyling, J. , Dengler, Jürgen, Walter, J. , Velev, N. , Ugurlu, E. ,
Sopotlieva, D. , et al. (2017). Species richness effects on grassland
recovery from drought depend on community productivity in a multisite
experiment. Ecology Letters , 20(11), 1405-1413.
Lange, M., Eisenhauer, N., Sierra, C.
A., Bessler, H., Engels, C., Griffiths, R. I., Gerd, G. (2015). Plant
diversity increases soil microbial activity and soil carbon storage.Nature Communications, 6 , 6707.
Lefcheck, J. S., Byrnes, J. E. K., Isbell, F., Gamfeldt, L., Griffin, J.
N., Eisenhauer, N., et al. (2015). Biodiversity enhances ecosystem
multifunctionality across trophic levels and habitats. Nature
Communications , 6, 6936.
Leimer, S., Oelmann, Y., Eisenhauer, N., Milcu, A., Wilcke, W. (2016).
Mechanisms behind plant diversity effects on inorganic and organic n
leaching from temperate grassland. Biogeochemistry , 1-15.
Leloup, J., Baude, M., Nunan, N., Meriguet, J., Dajoz, I., Le Roux, X.,
et al. (2018). Unravelling the effects of plant species diversity and
aboveground litter input on soil bacterial communities. Geoderma ,
317, 1-7.
Luo, Y., Zhou, X. (Eds.) (2008). Soil respiration and the environment.Elsevier .
Ma, Z., Chen, H. Y. H. (2016).
Effects of species diversity on fine root productivity in diverse
ecosystems: a global meta-analysis. Global Ecology and
Biogeography, 25 (11), 1387-1396.
Malchair, S., De Boeck, H. J., Lemmens, C. M. H. M., Merckx, R., Nijs,
I., Ceulemans, R., Carnol, M. (2010). Do climate warming and plant
species richness affect potential nitrification, basal respiration and
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in experimental grasslands?. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry , 42(11), 1944-1951.
Manzoni, S., Jackson, R. B., Trofymow, J. A., Porporato, A. (2008). The
global stoichiometry of litter nitrogen mineralization. Science ,
321, 684–686.
Mueller, K. E., Hobbie, S. E.,
Tilman, D., Reich, B. P. (2013). Effects of plant diversity, N
fertilization, and elevated carbon dioxide on grassland soil N cycling
in a long-term experiment. Global Change Biology, 19 (4),
1249-1261.
Mueller, K. E., Hobbie, S. E.,
Oleksyn, J., Reich, P. B., Eissenstat, D. M. (2012). Do evergreen and
deciduous trees have different effects on net N mineralization in soil?Ecology, 93 (6), 1463-1472.
Nicolas, F., Michael, J., Gundale, Mark, et al. (2018). Consistent
effects of biodiversity loss on multifunctionality across contrasting
ecosystems. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1, 1-13.
Oelmann, Y., Nina, B., Gleixner, B., Habekost, M., Roscher, C.,
Rosenkranz, S., et al. (2011). Plant diversity effects on aboveground
and belowground N pools in temperate grassland ecosystems: Development
in the first 5 years after establishment, Global Biogeochemistry
Cycles , 25, GB2014.
Oram, N. J., Ravenek, J. M., Barry,
K. E., Weigelt, A., Chen, H., Gessler, A., Cahill, J. (2018).
Below-ground complementarity effects in a grassland biodiversity
experiment are related to deep-rooting species. Journal of
Ecology, 106 (1), 265-277.
Prieto, I., Violle, C., Barre, P.,
Durand, J. L., Ghesquiere, M., Litrico, I. (2015). Complementary effects
of species and genetic diversity on productivity and stability of sown
grasslands. Nature Plants, 1 (4), 15033.
R Core Team 2018 R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
(Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing).
Ravenek, J. M., Bessler, H., Engels,
C., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Gessler, A., Gockele, A., Mommer, L. (2014).
Long-term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals
shifts in diversity effects over time. Oikos, 123 (12), 1528-1536.
Reich, P. B., Tilman, D., Isbell, F.,
Mueller, K., Hobbie, S. E., Flynn, D. F. B., Eisenhauer, N. (2012).
Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades.Science, 336 (6081), 589-592.
Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., Baade, J., Wilcke, W., Gleixner, G.,
Weisser, W. W., et al. (2004). The role of biodiversity for element
cycling and trophic interactions: an experimental approach in a
grassland community. Basic and Applied Ecology , 5, 107–121.
Schmid, B., Balvanera, P., Cardinale, B. J., Godbold, J., Pfisterer, A.
B., Raffaelli, D., et al. (2009). Consequences of species loss for
ecosystem functioning: meta-analyses of data from biodiversity
experiments. Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience ,
26(18), 2856–2879.
Scurlock, J., Hall, D. (1998). The
global carbon sink: a grassland perspective. Global Change
Biology, 4 (2), 229-233.
Suttie, J., Reynolds, S., Batello,
C., (Eds.). (2005). Grasslands of the World. Food & Agriculture
Organization .
Tilman, D., Lehman, C. (2001). Human-caused environmental change:
Impacts on plant diversity and evolution. Proceedings of the
national academy of sciences USA , 98(10), 5433–5440.
Tilman, D., Lehman, C., Thomson, K. T. (1997). Plant diversity and
ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proceedings of
the national academy of sciences USA , 94(5), 1857-1861.
Tilman, D., Reich, P. B., Knops, J.
M. H. (2006). Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long
grassland experiment. Nature , 7093, 629-632.
Tilman, D., Reich, P. B., Knops, J., Wedin, D., Mielke, T., Lehman, C.
(2001). Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment.Science, 294 (5543), 843-845.
Thompson, K., Askew, A. P., Grime, J. P., Willis, N. P. D. J. (2005).
Biodiversity, ecosystem function and plant traits in mature and immature
plant communities. Functional Ecology , 19(2), 355-358.
Tylianakis, J. M., Didham, R. K., Bascompte, J., Wardle, D. A. (2008).
Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters , 11(12), 1351–1363.
van Groenigen, K. J., Osenberg, C.
W., Hungate, B. A. (2011). Increased soil emissions of potent greenhouse
gases under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature,
475 (7355), 214-216.
Weisser, W. W., Roscher, C., Meyer, S. T., Ebeling, A., Luo, G., Allan,
E., Eisenhauer, N. (2017). Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning
in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open
questions. Basic and Applied Ecology, 23 , 1-73.
Wieder, W. R., Cleveland, C. C., Smith, W. K., Todd-Brown, K. (2015).
Future productivity and carbon storage limited by terrestrial nutrient
availability. Nature Geoscience , 8(6), 441-444.
Yang, S., Liu, W., Qiao, C., Wang,
J., Deng, M., Zhang, B., Liu, L. (2019). The decline in plant
biodiversity slows down soil carbon turnover under increasing nitrogen
deposition in a temperate steppe. Functional ecology ,
33,1362–1372.
Yang, Y., Tilman, D., Furey, G.,
Lehman, C. (2019). Soil carbon sequestration accelerated by restoration
of grassland biodiversity. Nature Communications, 10 (1).
Zaehle, S. E. M. (2013). Terrestrial nitrogen-carbon cycle interactions
at the global scale. Philosophical transactions - Royal Society.
Biological sciences , 368(1621), 20130125.
Zaehle, S. E. M. B., De Kauwe, M. G.,
Walker, A. P, Dietze, M. C, Hickler, T, et al. (2014). Evaluation of 11
terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two
temperate Free-Air CO2 Enrichment studies. New
Phytologist, 202 (3), 803-822.
Zhang, Y., Chen, H. Y. H., Reich, P.
B. (2012). Forest productivity increases with evenness, species richness
and trait variation: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology,
100 (3), 742-749.