Sample collection
According to the distribution of water systems in Henan Province, a total of 46 sampling sites were covered in this survey for collecting freshwater shrimp (Fig.1). The sample points cover the main streams or some tributaries of the four major rivers of the province (Table S1). In this study, about 1200 samples from 11 species, 6 genera and 4 families of Amphipoda and Decapoda were collected. As many individuals per species as possible were obtained for this study. However, in some cases, only one few individuals per region per species could be collected. Most of the prawns were collected by the shrimp traps, but a lot of individuals were captured by market buying. The collections were preserved in 95% ethanol for subsequent morphological observation and molecular identification, part of the samples was fixed in 10% formalin, and all samples were stored in the Fisheries College of Henan Normal University.