Statistical analysis
Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD or median and interquartile range, while categorical variables are reported as numbers and percentages. Comparisons were made using the Mann­–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Logistic regression analysis was also used to evaluate GH occurrence. A P-value of 0.10 was required for entry into the model, and a stepwise method was used to detect any predictors. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. All analyses were performed using EZR software (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan), a graphical user interface for R (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).