Does the disruption of the keystone interaction by
non-native ungulates produce cascading effects on the community?
To test if non-native ungulates produce cascading effects on the
community by disrupting the keystone interaction we compared network
complexity, functional redundancy among generalist species, and the
ecological importance of keystone interaction members between intact
forest sites with the keystone interaction and sites invaded by
non-native ungulates. Network complexity, functional redundancy among
generalist species, and the ecological importance of keystone
interaction members were estimated using the same methodology explained
above.