Results
Overall, we recorded 5151 pollination individual interaction events and 2487 seed dispersal events (Fig. 1). For pollination networks, most of these interactions (56%) were recorded in intact forest sites with the keystone interaction, while 29% of interactions were recorded in sites invaded by non-native ungulates and only 15% in intact forest sites without the keystone interaction. Similarly, most seed dispersal events (50%) were recorded also in sites with the keystone interaction, followed by 27% in invaded sites and 23% in sites without the keystone interaction.