The relationship of host and symbionts is complex and dynamic. Symbionts
can significantly impact host phenotypes and parasite epidemics may be
influenced by interactions among symbionts. Aphids are well known for
their symbiotic associations with bacteria. However, few studies have
examined the offsprings of parasitized host and the ecological
implications of a dynamic microbiome longitudinaly. In the present
study, we surveyed the microbiota in non-parasitized aphids and
parasitized aphids its offspring for over four consecutive generations
by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Across hosts, parasite
strongly altered symbiont composition of parasitized aphids offspring,
especially in the fourth generation. Moreover, parasitism reduced weight
and reproductive capacity of the parasitized offspring and influenced
parasite epidemics. Taken together, these results indicate that
parasitoids can influence host-microbiome interactions by altering the
symbionts composition in the host offspring. Our findings further
supports the importance host-parasite-microbiome tirad interactions,
which can create intense reciprocal selection resulting in coevolution
between species.