Effect of age and race on pharmacokinetics of repurposed COVID-19 drugs
Figure 2 shows the PBPK model simulated PK profiles for different age brackets: 18 to 40 years, 40 to 65 years, and 65 to 98 years (geriatric population). This age brackets represented a typical demographics from a recent remdesivir clinical trial [2]. The PBPK model-based results are in line with observed data as shown inSupplementary Table 3 . Though geriatric population exhibited higher exposure for all drugs compared to the age bracket of 18 to 40 years, but fell within 95% PI of healthy volunteers except for dexamethasone, which is marginally outside the shaded area of 95% PI (Figure 2A) . PBPK analysis suggests race has no clinically meaningful effect on the clearance of all COVID-19 drugs, as the mean simulated Chinese and Japanese population profiles fall within 95% PI of Caucasian population (Figure 2B) Therefore, no dose adjustment is required based on race.