Control group (n=150) Intervention group (n=162)
p value
Age, average (SD) 66.27 (17.9) 64.72 (18.7) 0.46
Sex, n (%) 0.86
Masculine 95 (63.3) 101 (62.3)
Femenine 55 (36.7) 61 (37.7)
Tobacco, n (%) 0.96
Active smoker 32 (21.3) 36 (22.6)
Never smoked 68 (45.3) 71 (44.7)
Former smoker 50 (33.3) 52 (32.7)
Alcohol intake habits, n (%) 24 (16.1) 17 (10.5) 0.14
Comorbidities, n (%)
Liver disease 4 (2.7) 4 (2.5) 1.00
Heart disease 38 (25.3) 39 (24.1) 0.80
Congestive heart failure 14 (9.3) 12 (7.4) 0.54
Cerebrovascular disease 16 (10.7) 9 (5.6) 0.10
Kidney disease 12 (8.0) 12 (7.4) 0.84
COPD 21 (14) 27 (16.7) 0.51
Diabetes mellitus 25 (16.7) 21 (12.0) 0.36
Charlson Index, median (IQR) 1 (0 – 2) 1 (0 – 2) 0.35
Charlson Index, categorized, n (%) 0.40
0 61 (40.7) 70 (43.2)
1 37 (24.7) 47 (29.0)
>1 52 (34.7) 45 (27.8)
Katz Index , average (SD) 0.6 (1.6) 0.4 (1.3) 0.22
Categorized PSI, n (%) 0.51
I-III 89 (59.3) 102 (63)
IV-V 61 (40.7) 60 (37.0)
PSI, average (SD) (?) 83.7 (33.7) 81.8 (33.8) 0.63