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Figure 1. Hypothetical effect of plant species richness and
heterotroph presence on ecosystem flux per unit area (panel C) is a
joint outcome of effects of plant species richness and heterotroph
presence on mass-specific flux (panel A) and plant biomass per unit area
(panel B). While the increase in biomass per unit area with increasing
diversity and upon removal of heterotrophs (B) is well established
(e.g., Seabloom et al. 2017), it is less clear how mass-specific fluxes
are impacted by biodiversity and presence of heterotrophs. Variation in
mass-specific flux (A) could lead to a large variation in total flux per
unit area (C). Line color indicates the effects of presence (red) or
absence (blue) of heterotrophs on flux and biomass. Line type indicates
whether flux per unit plant biomass increases (solid), remains constant
(dotted) or declines (dashed) with plant diversity.