Table of contents Page
Introduction
1. SARS-CoV-2 virology 7
2. Immunology of COVID-19 9
2.1 B cell and antibody responses 9
2.2. Type 2 responses and eosinophils 11
2.3. T cells and lymphopenia 12
2.4 Immunopathology, immunosuppression and immune regulation  14
3. Diagnosis of COVID-19 16
4. Organization of allergy outpatient clinics and laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic 18
5. COVID-19 and allergic disease 20
5.1 Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 20
5.2 Chronic rhinosinusitis and other upper respiratory tract diseases 21
5.3 Asthma 23
5.4 Atopic dermatitis and other skin lesions 25
5.5 Drug hypersensitivity 26
5.6 Handling of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) during the COVID-19 pandemic 26
6. Treatment of COVID-19 27
7. Clinical trials and drug discovery in COVID-19 29
8. Vaccine development for COVID-19 32
9. Epidemiology of COVID-19 and environmental factors 33
Conclusion 38
References 50