5 Conclusion

In conclusion, we studied the effect of the permutation of three M2e peptides derived from human, swine and avian IAV on the surface of PCV2 VLPs on the immune effect of IAV universal vaccine. Results demonstrate that the M2e peptide closest to the surface of the nanoparticle induced the highest immune protection against this species of IAV. This result suggests that the M2e of IAV of a specific host should be stably displayed when designing universal nanovaccines and helps to improve the immune effect of Cap-3M2e VLPs nanovaccine for pigs.