Group A (0-5 cm2) n=374 Group B (5-20 cm2) n=96 Group C (>20 cm2) n=40 P value A vs. B and C P value B vs. C
Age, years 65±10 72±8 71±8 <0.001 0.479
Female, n (%) 67 (18) 47 (49) 21 (53) <0.001 0.707
Body mass index, kg/m2 24.7±3.8 24.1±4.6 22.4±3.4 0.009 0.039
AF duration, months 4 (2, 11) 6 (3, 11) 4 (2, 17) 0.709 0.978
Hypertension, n (%) 207 (56) 47 (49) 24 (60) 0.494 0.240
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 57 (15) 24 (25) 10 (25) 0.011 1.000
Heart failure, n (%) 92 (25) 31 (32) 10 (25) 0.207 0.398
CHA2DS2-VASc score 2.2±1.4 3.1±1.3 3.4±1.7 <0.001 0.301
BNP ≥ 100 pg/ml or NT-proBNP ≥ 400 pg/ml, n (%) 297 (79) 88 (92) 36 (90) 0.001 0.562
eGFR, ml/min 63±17 55±17 55±22 <0.001 0.887
Echocardiographic parameters
Left atrial diameter, mm 43±6 43±6 47±7 0.006 0.010
Ejection fraction, % 58±13 57±13 60±14 0.734 9.448
Left ventricular mass, g 194±57 184±66 194±69 0.254 0.278
E/e’ 10.4±3.8 12.4±6.5 12.4±5.6 0.001 0.985