Author, Year study objective the type of mHealth medium the type of mHealth medium the type of mHealth medium the type of mHealth medium Outcome (Main findings)
study design smart-phone telemedicine system based on smartphones SMS App
Ping Yang, 2018(44) The effect of WeChat platform-based treatment on the risk of perinatal complications among women with GDM. Non-Randomized Study * WeChat platform-based treatment could effectively reduce FBG and 2-h PBG and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Skar, 2018(45) The effect of smartphone app (the Pregnant+ app) on controlling blood glucose levels and receiving health and nutrition information in women with GDM. RCT * Smartphone app could assist women with GDM to control their blood glucose and increased their confidence in self-management.
Miremberg, 2018(46) The impact of a smartphone-based daily feedback and communication platform on GDM patients’ compliance, glycemic control, pregnancy outcome, and satisfaction RCT * Smartphone-based technology could enhance the adherence to self-performed BG monitoring and glycemic control parameters such as mean blood glucose, off-target measurements, and the need for insulin treatment.
Mackillop, 2018(47) The use of a mobile phone-based real-time blood glucose management system to control GDM patients’ blood glucose. RCT * Remote monitoring of blood glucose is safe in women with GDM.
Rigla, 2018(48) The efficacy of smart mobile telemedicine in monitoring blood glucose of GDM patients. Pilot Study * This study This decision support system was a feasible and well-accepted system for monitoring GDM.
Kennelly, 2018(42) The impact of a healthy lifestyle package using smartphone application technology on the prevalence of GDM in overweight and obese women. RCT * This intervention could not decrease the prevalence of GDM.
Johnson, 2018(49)
The effect of short messaging reminders on diabetes self-management in women with GDM
RCT
*
. The use of daily text messages was acceptable for patients with GDM seems. In addition, an overall satisfaction with the messages and willingness to use the messages in future pregnancies and to recommend the messages to friends with GDM were obtained.
Garnweidner-Holme, 2018(9) The usefulness of culture-sensitive pregnant application for pregnant women with GDM according to health care professionals’ perspectives Qualitative Study * M-Health intervention was a useful tool to improve the care provided by health care professionals to women with GDM.
Peleg, 2017(50) The MobiGuide’s feasibility and potential impacts on patients and care providers using two various clinical domains. Pilot Study * This system has provided multiple benefits for both patients and physicians and increase the patients’ sense of safety and involvement.
Peleg, 2017(51) The system’s feasibility and potential impacts on patients and care providers using two various clinical domains. Pilot Study * MobiGuide’s is feasible for patients and clinicians and has led to high compliance to self-measurement recommendations and enhance the satisfaction of patients and care providers.
McLean, A. 2017(41) The efficacy of real-time smartphone data in improving clinical management and outcomes of women at GDM risk Pilot Study * Real-time individual health and sensor data can be readily collected and analyzed efficiently while confidentiality is maintained; however, improved prediction of GDM is not obtained.
Nicholson, 2016(52) The efficacy of a web-based pregnancy and postpartum behavioral intervention in contributing women with GDM to control weight and glucose during pregnancy and postpartum. RCT * The web-based behavioral intervention coupled with text messages and emails and tailored to the needs of women with GDM is feasible and well received by participants. This study also shows that GooDMoms can change the current paradigm of pregnancy care for women with GDM.
Marko, 2016(53) The feasibility of remote monitoring of patients for prenatal care using a mobile phone application and connected digital devices. Prospective Observational Study * This intervention is feasible for prenatal care.
Wickramasinghe, 2015(54) The usefulness of mobile technology for supporting and enabling superior diabetes monitoring and management. Case Study * Mobile technology is an appropriate choice to minimize costs and provide high-quality care.
Jo, 2015(55) The efficacy of an application providing tailored recommendations based on user’s lifestyle and clinical data. Development and Test Study * The GDM management knowledge and tailored recommendations provided in this study were beneficial in managing GDM.
Van Ryswyk, 2015(40) The effect of SMS reminder system on postpartum oral glucose tolerance test, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c completion. RCT * The SMS reminder system cannot enhance postpartum OGTT, fasting plasma glucose, or HbA1c completion.
Mohd Suan, 2015(56) The prevalence and characteristics of patients who did and did not return for the OGTT and the reasons provided by women for failure to return for OGTT test. Cross-sectional Study * The prevalence of women who returned for the postpartum diabetic screening test was high. This study also provides valuable insights into several obstacles that render the return for the glucose tolerance test.
Hirst, 2015(57) Women’s satisfaction with using the GDM-health system and their attitudes toward their diabetes care. Pilot Study * GDm-health was acceptable and convenient for a large proportion of women.
Teoh, 2014(58) The efficacy of smartphones on GDM Monitoring among Australian women. RCT * The use of smartphones to support GDM self-management facilitates superior monitoring and management of GDM and supports the accountable care paradigm.
Kaplan, 2014(59) Efficacy of a mobile application and web-based system in promoting self-management of women with GDM. Pilot Study * This mobile application and web-based system can promote self-management of women with GDM
Grabosch, 2014(60) The feasibility of a text message reminder system for pregnant women with diabetes from a low-income population, and its impact on adherence to a diabetes care regimen and subsequent glycemic control RCT * The text message reminder system is feasible for pregnant women with diabetes from a low-income population and Text4baby can be used as an educational tool to improve outcomes in women with diabetes.
Shivanath, 2014(61) The feasibility of ‘Simple Telehealth’ for women with gestational diabetes, patients’ treatment satisfaction with this intervention, and the economic benefit of this system in conjunction with routine antenatal diabetes care. Pilot Study * Short-term use of ‘Simple Telehealth’ is associated with high treatment satisfaction levels amongst patients with GDM and some economic benefits.
Homko, 2012(43) The impact of an enhanced telemedicine system on glucose control and pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. RCT * Enhanced telemedicine monitoring system increased contact between women with GDM and their healthcare providers but did not influence on pregnancy outcomes.
Shea, 2011(62) The effect of a reminder system on screening rates. RCT * Reminders can be an effective method for reinforcing guidelines for postpartum diabetes screening.
P´erez-Ferre, 2010(63) The feasibility of a telemedicine system based on Internet and a short message service for pregnant women with GDM and its influence on their delivery and neonatal outcomes. RCT * A telemedicine system can be a useful tool in the treatment of GDM patients. This study suggests this intervention as a complement to conventional outpatient clinic visits, especially in cases requiring tighter glycemic control or with difficulties in accessing to medical center.
Wickramasinghe, 2010(64) The effect of a wireless technology on management of GDM Pilot Study * DiaMonD is a convenient, cost-effective, and superior intervention to manage GDM.
Dalfra, 2009(65) The effect of a telemedicine approach on diabetic pregnancy management, glycemic control, quality of life, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Non-Randomized Study * The use of a telemedicine system for glucose monitoring has improved pregnancy outcome and quality of life in women with GDM