References
1. Alford RH, Kasel JA, Gerone PJ, Knight V. Human influenza resulting from aerosol inhalation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med . 1966;122(3):800-804. doi:10.3181/00379727-122-31255
2. Little JW, Douglas RG, Hall WJ, Roth FK. Attenuated influenza produced by experimental intranasal inoculation. J Med Virol . 1979;3(3):177-188. doi:10.1002/jmv.1890030303
3. Henle W, Henle G, Stokes J, Maris EP. Experimental Exposure of Human Subjects to Viruses of Influenza. J Immunol . 1946;52(2):145-165.
4. Milton DK. What was the primary mode of smallpox transmission? Implications for biodefense. Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2012;2:150. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00150
5. Tellier R, Li Y, Cowling BJ, Tang JW. Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary. BMC Infectious Diseases . 2019;19(1):101. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3707-y
6. Killingley B, Enstone J, Booy R, et al. Potential role of human challenge studies for investigation of influenza transmission.Lancet Infect Dis . 2011;11(11):879-886. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70142-6
7. Carrat F, Vergu E, Ferguson NM, et al. Time lines of infection and disease in human influenza: a review of volunteer challenge studies.Am J Epidemiol . 2008;167(7):775-785. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm375
8. Ip DKM, Lau LLH, Chan K-H, et al. The Dynamic Relationship Between Clinical Symptomatology and Viral Shedding in Naturally Acquired Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections. Clin Infect Dis . 2016;62(4):431-437. doi:10.1093/cid/civ909
9. Lau LLH, Cowling BJ, Fang VJ, et al. Viral Shedding and Clinical Illness in Naturally Acquired Influenza Virus Infections. J Infect Dis . 2010;201(10):1509-1516. doi:10.1086/652241
10. Lau LLH, Ip DKM, Nishiura H, et al. Heterogeneity in viral shedding among individuals with medically attended influenza A virus infection.The Journal of infectious diseases . 2013;207(8):1281-1285. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit034
11. Tsang TK, Fang VJ, Chan K-H, et al. Individual Correlates of Infectivity of Influenza A Virus Infections in Households. PLoS ONE . 2016;11(5):e0154418. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154418
12. Tsang TK, Cowling BJ, Fang VJ, et al. Influenza A Virus Shedding and Infectivity in Households. J Infect Dis . 2015;212(9):1420-1428. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv225
13. Wardell R, Prem K, Cowling BJ, Cook AR. The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk. Epidemiol Infect . 2017;145(4):723-727. doi:10.1017/S0950268816002740
14. Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Killingley B, Enstone J, et al. Minimal transmission in an influenza A (H3N2) human challenge-transmission model with exposure events in a controlled environment. medRxiv . Published online December 15, 2019:2019.12.13.19014381. doi:10.1101/2019.12.13.19014381
15. Yan J, Grantham M, Pantelic J, et al. Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2018;115(5):1081-1086. doi:10.1073/pnas.1716561115
16. McDevitt JJ, Koutrakis P, Ferguson ST, et al. Development and Performance Evaluation of an Exhaled-Breath Bioaerosol Collector for Influenza Virus. Aerosol Sci Technol . 2013;47(4):444-451. doi:10.1080/02786826.2012.762973
17. Normand ST, Landrum MB, Guadagnoli E, et al. Validating recommendations for coronary angiography following acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: a matched analysis using propensity scores.J Clin Epidemiol . 2001;54(4):387-398. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00321-8
18. Rubin DB. Using Propensity Scores to Help Design Observational Studies: Application to the Tobacco Litigation. Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology . 2001;2:169-188. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511810725
19. Lessler J, Reich NG, Brookmeyer R, Perl TM, Nelson KE, Cummings DAT. Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis . 2009;9(5):291-300. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70069-6
20. Cowling BJ, Ip DKM, Fang VJ, et al. Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza A virus spread. Nat Commun . 2013;4(1):1935. doi:10.1038/ncomms2922
21. Tellier R. Aerosol transmission of influenza A virus: a review of new studies. J R Soc Interface . 2009;6 Suppl 6:S783-790. doi:10.1098/rsif.2009.0302.focus
22. Carrat F, Sahler C, Rogez S, et al. Influenza Burden of Illness: Estimates From a National Prospective Survey of Household Contacts in France. Arch Intern Med . 2002;162(16):1842-1848. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.16.1842
23. Hayward AC, Fragaszy EB, Bermingham A, et al. Comparative community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza: results of the Flu Watch cohort study. Lancet Respir Med . 2014;2(6):445-454. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70034-7
24. Leung NHL, Xu C, Ip DKM, Cowling BJ. The fraction of influenza virus infections that are asymptomatic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology . 2015;26(6):862-872. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000340
25. Ranjeva S, Subramanian R, Fang VJ, et al. Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza. Nature Communications . 2019;10(1):1660. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09652-6
26. Viboud C, Boƫlle P-Y, Cauchemez S, et al. Risk factors of influenza transmission in households. Br J Gen Pract . 2004;54(506):684-689.