————————————————–

3.2 In-situ measurements

The Naqu network was established in July of 2010 for monitoring SSM and soil temperature, and comprises of 57 ground stations. The ground stations provide SSM and soil temperature at four different depths of 0-5, 10, 20 and 40 cm, with 30-min and daily sampling intervals. The data are published by the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center from August 1, 2010 to October 31, 2014 (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/data). The available daily SSM data at depths of 0–5 cm was collected during the period of interest to evaluate the downscaling performances. Not all in-situ measurements were available during the study period at the 57 ground stations because some stations have been out of operation. The mean and standard deviation (SD) values of in-situ SSM are shown in Figure 3 during the available study period for both daily and eight-day cases.