Introduction
Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains the most frequent hypersensitivity
condition, affecting up to a quarter of the population and impacting
upon the quality of life of individual patients and the health economy
as a whole [1]. The complexity and variability of rhinitis is
particularly apparent in childhood, during which anatomical,
physiological, immunological and microbiological maturation, generates
clinical patterns that are difficult to generalize, but also to manage
[2]. Nevertheless, in the last few years, new concepts emerging
regarding the overall understanding and management of rhinitis are
having an influence on the way we see pediatric allergic rhinitis
today[3]. In this review, we explore and describe novel aspects of
rhinitis, ranging from mechanisms to disease classification, phenotypes,
diagnostic and monitoring tools and use of treatments, with particular
focus on the traits of pediatric age groups.