Introduction
Allergic rhinitis (AR) remains the most frequent hypersensitivity condition, affecting up to a quarter of the population and impacting upon the quality of life of individual patients and the health economy as a whole [1]. The complexity and variability of rhinitis is particularly apparent in childhood, during which anatomical, physiological, immunological and microbiological maturation, generates clinical patterns that are difficult to generalize, but also to manage [2]. Nevertheless, in the last few years, new concepts emerging regarding the overall understanding and management of rhinitis are having an influence on the way we see pediatric allergic rhinitis today[3]. In this review, we explore and describe novel aspects of rhinitis, ranging from mechanisms to disease classification, phenotypes, diagnostic and monitoring tools and use of treatments, with particular focus on the traits of pediatric age groups.