Insensitive nAChR mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes in cotton aphid
We applied FastD-TR to detect insensitive nAChR mutations in twoA. gossypii populations showing that no insensitive nAChR mutations were detected in the sensitive population NS; while an insensitive mutation R81T on the beta1 subunit was detected in the resistant population KR, with a frequency of 49.85% (Table 3 )(15 individuals in pool, one mutated allele can be detected in a pool containing 29 wild type alleles) . By using FastD-MR, nine detoxification genes were detected with elevated expression levels more than two-fold (|log2FoldChange| > 1, P-value < 0.01) in the KR population (Table 4 ). Among these genes, CYP6CY22 and CYP6CY13 , which were reported to be associated with neonicotinoid resistance (K. Hirata et al., 2017), had elevated expression levels by 39.61- and 22.04-fold in the resistant KR population, respectively. These results indicated that resistance to neonicotinoids in the KR population may be conferred by the mutation R81T and nine overexpressed detoxification genes.