3.1.1. Effects on Level of Interleukins
Oral Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 vaccine polarized Th2 cell
immunity and stimulated IL-17 expression against transmissible
gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) 18, however, an
anti interleukin (IL)-17 effect was observed for Bifidobacterium
animalis 19. In another study, the probiotic strain
“heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 ” was introduced as
an IL-12 inducer in mice 20.
In a trial conducted by kimmel et al, 10 healthy Subjects consumed 1
capsule/day of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086
(GanedenBC30) for 28 days and returned for
post-treatment immunological markers evaluation; IL-6, IL-8, and
TNF-alpha levels were increased after exposure to a strain of adenovirus
(AdenoVI) and influenza A (H3N2 Texas strain; FluTex). IL-1beta levels
also increased after exposure to AdenoVI but were reduced after ex vivo
exposure to FluTex 21.
Some hypotheses indicated that oral administration of theStreptococcus salivarius K12 strain, through a still not
perfectly clear molecular mechanism, reduced IL-8 plasma concentrations
and increased salivary interferon-γ. These modulations may also
realistically account for anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity,
which would then be added to the antibacterial action of the K12 strain22.
Coronaviruses may also vulnerable to probiotics. Chi et al. after
infecting swine testicle (ST) cells with TGEV administeredEnterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 ; as a result, production of
nitric oxide increased and expression of IL-6 & 8 in the cells treated
with E. faecium was elevated 23. Another
research claimed that Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 could
significantly downregulate the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory factors
IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-a 24.