Figure legends
Figure 1. The 12-lead electrocardiograms in the patients with premature ventricular contractions from the mitral annulus (MA) (A). The EnSiteTM 3D-mapping images of the earliest activation sites during the culprit PVCs (BE), intra-cardiac electrocardiograms (CF), and 12-ECGs during the pace map (DG) at the successful ablation sites on the ventricular side of the MA (BCD) or left atrium side of the MA (EFG) with the trans-interatrial septal approach.
Figure 2. The scatter plots showing the relationship between the left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension (LVDd) and frequency of premature ventricular complexes (%PVC) (n = 22) (A). The analysis of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (B), left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension (LVDd) (C), left ventricular end-systolic internal dimension (LVDs) (D), right ventricular internal dimension (RVD) (E), and degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) (F) by echocardiogram before (blue bars) and 6 months after (red bars) the radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCFA) in the Lower (%PVC ≤ 20%), Higher (20% <), and unsuccessful RFCA groups. *p < 0.05 versus before and after the RFCA in each group; †p < 0.05 versus the Lower and Higher groups during each period.
Figure 3. The left atrio- and ventriculography (A) and the approach sites of the radiofrequency catheter ablation on the ventricular side of the mitral annulus (MA) from the supra-mitral valve (B), infra-mitral valve (C), and left atrial side of the MA (D) from the trans-interatrial septal approach, and from the trans-coronary sinus approach (E), and from the trans-aortic approach (F). The LA, LV, MV, ABL, CS, and His-RV, indicate the left atrium, left ventricle, mitral valve, ablation catheter, coronary sinus, and His-bundle and right ventricle, respectively. The upper and middle, and lower panels were the right (RAO) and left anterior oblique (LAO) view of the LA and LV, respectively. The red, blue, and water blue bar indicate the ablation catheter and the electrodes placed on the CS and His-RV, respectively. The earliest activation sites of the premature ventricular contractions from the MA with a successful (red circle; n = 20) or unsuccessful (black circle; n = 2) radiofrequency catheter ablation in the LAO view of the MA.