Figure legends
Figure 1. The 12-lead electrocardiograms in the patients with premature
ventricular contractions from the mitral annulus (MA) (A). The
EnSiteTM 3D-mapping images of the earliest activation
sites during the culprit PVCs (BE), intra-cardiac electrocardiograms
(CF), and 12-ECGs during the pace map (DG) at the successful ablation
sites on the ventricular side of the MA (BCD) or left atrium side of the
MA (EFG) with the trans-interatrial septal approach.
Figure 2. The scatter plots showing the relationship between
the left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension (LVDd) and
frequency of premature ventricular complexes (%PVC) (n = 22) (A). The
analysis of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (B), left
ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension (LVDd) (C), left
ventricular end-systolic internal dimension (LVDs) (D), right
ventricular internal dimension (RVD) (E), and degree of mitral
regurgitation (MR) (F) by echocardiogram before (blue bars) and 6 months
after (red bars) the radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCFA) in the
Lower (%PVC ≤ 20%), Higher (20% <), and unsuccessful RFCA
groups. *p < 0.05 versus before and after the RFCA in each
group; †p < 0.05 versus the Lower and Higher groups during
each period.
Figure 3. The left atrio- and ventriculography (A) and the
approach sites of the radiofrequency catheter ablation on the
ventricular side of the mitral annulus (MA) from the supra-mitral valve
(B), infra-mitral valve (C), and left atrial side of the MA (D) from the
trans-interatrial septal approach, and from the trans-coronary sinus
approach (E), and from the trans-aortic approach (F). The LA, LV, MV,
ABL, CS, and His-RV, indicate the left atrium, left ventricle, mitral
valve, ablation catheter, coronary sinus, and His-bundle and right
ventricle, respectively. The upper and middle, and lower panels were the
right (RAO) and left anterior oblique (LAO) view of the LA and LV,
respectively. The red, blue, and water blue bar indicate the ablation
catheter and the electrodes placed on the CS and His-RV, respectively.
The earliest activation sites of the premature ventricular contractions
from the MA with a successful (red circle; n = 20) or unsuccessful
(black circle; n = 2) radiofrequency catheter ablation in the LAO view
of the MA.