2. Five main characteristics of BSMs regulating cardiovascular
diseases
The difficulty in classification comes from our inadequate research on
the characteristics of BSMs. In fact, although the specific definition
of BSMs remains uncertain, there are many important commonalities
between different BSMs. Figure 1 summarizes the five major
characteristics of BSMs in cardiovascular disease research, including
low molecular weight and simple structure, wide distribution, diverse
biological effects, rapid synthesis and metabolism, and low
immunogenicity. These five characteristics provide a solid foundation
for understanding the biology of BSMs to participate in and maintain
homeostasis. In the following part, we will discuss how these
characteristics of BSMs affect the occurrence and development of
cardiovascular disease.