Outcome definition
Our primary outcome was escalated care, defined as hospitalization plus
any of the following: HFNC, non-invasive ventilation (e.g., continuous
or biphasic positive airway pressure), intubation and ventilation, or
management in the ICU without airway support. The criteria for ICU
admission were impair hypoxemia or hypercapnia, respiratory distress,
inspired fraction of oxygen of over fifty percent, hemodynamic
instability, or apnea.