Phase Candidate Vaccine characteristics Lead developer/sponsor Current status
Clinical-phase INO-4800 DNA plasmid encoding S protein delivered via electroporation Inovio Pharmaceuticals Phase I (NCT04336410)
mRNA-1273 LNP-encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding S protein Moderna Phase I (NCT04283461)
LV-SMENP-DC DCs modified with lentiviral vector expressing synthetic minigene based upon domains of selected viral proteins; Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute Phase I (NCT04276896)
/ Recombinant novel coronavirus (2019-CoV) vaccine (adenoviral vector) Institute of Military Medicine under the Academy of Military Sciences of the People’s Liberation Army of China Phase II (ChiCTR2000030906)
/
Inactivated vaccine
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Wuhan Institute of Biological Products
Phase I (ChiCTR2000031809)
ChAdOx1
Attenuated adenovirus capable of producing the S protein of SARS-CoV-2
University of Oxford
Phase I/II (NCT04324606)
Ad5-nCoV Adenovirus type 5 vector that expresses S protein CanSino Biologicals Phase I (NCT04313127)
Pathogen-specific aAPC aAPCs modified with lentiviral vector expressing synthetic minigene based upon domains of selected viral proteins Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute Phase I (NCT04299724)
Experimental-phase / Single-dose intranasal replication-defective adenovirus vector vaccine incorporating the SARS-CoV-2 S protein Altimmune Phase 1 trial planned for mid-August.
BNT162 mRNA vaccine expressing codon-optimized undisclosed SARS-CoV-2 proteins BioNTech Clinical testing to begin late April
STARR Self-transcribing and replicating RNA vaccine expressing undisclosed epitopes Arcturus Manufacturing stage
/ Protamine-complexed mRNA-based vaccine expressing undisclosed SARS-CoV-2 protein(s) CureVac Phase 1 planned in June or July
/ Undisclosed SARS-CoV-2-derived synthetic peptide conjugated to the key moiety of the MHC II–associated invariant chain Generex Biotechnology Human trials planned in June
/ Modified vaccinia Ankara VLP vaccine based upon Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 GeoVax Candidates in animal studies
/ Electroporated linear DNA vaccine based on S protein and selected epitopes LineaRx Four candidates for testing by the beginning of May or June
/ Undisclosed recombinant SARS-CoV-2 protein VLP produced in tobacco Medicago preclinical testing ongoing with clinical trials to begin summer 2020
/ Recombinant subunit vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 S protein locked in prefusion conformation by polypeptide moiety (molecular clamp) University of Queensland Preclinical as of mid-March
/ Oral recombinant adenovirus 5 vector vaccine of undisclosed SARS-CoV-2 proteins for mucosal immune response Vaxart Preclinical as of mid-March