2.2 Inclusion criteria
The inclusion criteria were as follows
(1) Randomized controlled trial conducted in patients with pAF comparing ablation and AAM as an initial therapy
(2) Studies must report recurrence rates of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT) including AF, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia, and adverse events following the index ablation in the ablation group and in the AAD group after randomization. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR) or sufficient raw data to calculate effect size must be provided [16].