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\begin{document}

\title{Retrospective Analysis of total COVID-19 Cases and Comparison of
Case Fatality and Recovery Rates Among States of India After First and
Second Phases of Lockdown}



\author[1]{Narasimha Kumar  G .V.}%
\author[1]{Suneel Prajapati}%
\author[2]{Chitra v}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[2]{SRM College of Pharmacy}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
\textbf{Background \& Objectives:} ~Testing rates, Case fatality rate
(CFR), and Recovery rates (RR) are important parameters for assessing
the measures taken in fighting during epidemics and pandemics. The
present study was carried out to estimate average tests/day the, \% of
confirmed cases and compare the CFR and RR during the pandemic of
COVID-19 in the states of India after completion of the 1st\& 2nd phases
of lockdown.\textbf{Methods:~} The data were retrieved from accurate
databases including the Ministry of Health and family welfare, Centre
for Evidence-Based Medicine, COVID19 India, and the World Health
Organization. States with total cases [?] 100 were included in the study
and 1st phase of lockdown were commenced from 22nd March to 14th April
2020 \& 2nd phase of lockdown was from 15th April to 03rd May
2020\textbf{Results:} ~32 states have reported COVID 19 as of 3rd May
2020. Average tests/day, RR have improved, and \% of confirmed cases,
CFR have decreased among Indian states when compared after 1st\& 2nd
phases of lockdown.\textbf{Conclusion:} ~Indian states have shown
improvement with testing and mitigation measures to fight against COVID
19 as evidenced by a decrease in \% of confirmed cases, CFR, and
improvement in RR. Apart from that, employing mass testing and
epidemiological studies will expand the screening of asymptomatic cases.
Also, case studies with a detailed medical history and scoring CFR
alongside RR should be adopted in hospitals, which may be helpful in
exactly pointing the hotspots of infection.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\par\null

\textbf{Introduction}

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third coronavirus infection
in the last two decades that was first arisen in the city of Wuhan,
Hubei, province of China in December 2019.\textsuperscript{{[}1{]}}The
unknown etiology of pneumonia later on confirmed as COVID-19 which is
caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
It is a highly infectious viral disease and presented an unprecedented
challenge before the world. COVID-19 has spread globally very rapidly
since its first emergence in china, at present SARS-CoV-2, enclasps 215
countries world-wide and it's becoming the catastrophe of the century. A
total of 32,72,202 confirmed cases and 230104 deaths were reported
worldwide out of these 39,093 cases and 1306 deaths were accounted from
India as of 3rd May 2020.\textsuperscript{{[}2{]}} However, the
infection rate of COVID19 in India is reported to be 1.7, significantly
lower than in the worst affected countries \textsuperscript{{[}3,4{]}}.
At present, there is no specific vaccine available to prevent this viral
disease and epidemiological, clinical shreds of evidence are suggesting
several novel compounds, as well as medicines licensed for other
conditions, that appear to have potential efficacy against
COVID-19.\textsuperscript{{[}5{]}} Thus, in a way to combat the spread
of this highly infectious disease, around one-third of the global
population is now under lockdown to halt the spread of this highly
contagious disease.\textsuperscript{{[}6{]}}India's first COVID-19
confirmed case was diagnosed in Kerala, in a student who has returned
from Wuhan, China on January 30, 2020. Since the outbreak emerged in
India, the number of cases has undergone a steady rise, and currently,
several active cases were reported in different parts of India. While
the number of cases has swelled in the last one month and cases have
already been reported from 32 states and Union Territories, these cases
are not evenly spread out across the country. States like Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh
have emerged as epic centers and are the worst-hit states in India in
terms of the total number of Covid-19 cases that have been
reported.\textsuperscript{{[}7{]}} In response, India has implemented
international travel bans and a strict lockdown from March 25, 2020. The
first phase of lockdown ended on 14th April, followed by the second
phase ended on 03rd May, and at present 3rd phase of lockdown is going
on until May 17th. However, countries like India are at larger risk
because of a very large population density, illiteracy, and inadequate
healthcare systems to cater to very large
demands\textsuperscript{{[}8{]}}. In epidemiology, a case fatality rate
(CFR), sometimes called case fatality risk is the percentage of cases of
a specified condition that is fatal within a definite time. A CFR is
conventionally expressed as a percentage and represents a measure of
disease severity.\textsuperscript{{[}9{]}} CFRs reflect the level of
disease severity and CFR is vital for setting priorities for public
health in targeted interventions to reduce the severity of the risk.
High CFRs reflect limited access to proper health care for the most
vulnerable people and insufficiencies in health-care systems, including
the limited capacity of the surveillance system to trigger a timely
response.\textsuperscript{{[}10{]}} As of the end of the Lockdown 1.0 \&
2.0 (i.e. 14th April \& 3rd May respectively) the CFR of India is at
3.26 \& 3.34 respectively for COVID-19 but the CFR's of states of India
has not been reported until now, which may be helpful in understanding
and estimating the fatality and sternness of this infectious disease in
the Indian subcontinent. The first robust and ideal step in mitigating
the outbreak of communicable diseases like COVID-19 is for government
health officials to begin early testing. This leads to rapid
identification of cases, fast isolation to prevent spread, contact
tracing, and swift initiation of treatment. Early testing is the only
way to recognize anyone who came into contact with infected people so
they can be isolated from the community and may hastily be treated.
Testing also is important in the larger public health picture on
mitigation efforts, helping investigators to depict the prevalence,
spread, and contagiousness of the disease. Due to the limited resources,
the testing rate in India is among the lowest in the world, which may
underestimate the total number of confirmed
cases.\textsuperscript{{[}3,4{]}} Thus it is essentially required to
estimate the total test rate and percentage of positive cases. Keeping
the above in mind, the present study was aimed to perform a
retrospective analysis of the total number of test performed by
different states, total no. of confirmed cases and \% of positivity rate
reported initially in India during the first lockdown (1.0) and the
second phase (2.0) of lockdown. Further, bearing in mind the prominence
of CFR and RR in COVID 19 analysis, measurement and comparison of the
same was done for different states of India at the end of Lockdown 1.0
\& 2.0 using up-to-date state-level data.

\textbf{Methods:}

\textbf{2.1. Source of data and procedure:} The data were retrieved from
accurate databases including Ministry of Health and family welfare
(MoHFW)\textsuperscript{{[}11{]}}, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
(CEBM)\textsuperscript{{[}12{]}}, COVID19 India, and World Health
Organization (WHO)\textsuperscript{{[}13{]}}. The analysis of data in
the present study was carried from. 22nd March to 14th of April .i.e.
first phase of lockdown and 15\textsuperscript{th} April to 3rd May,
2020, i.e. second phase of lockdown.

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  \textbf{Parameters used in study:} States with total cases [?] 100 were
  included in the study and raw data was mapped according to states.
  Percentage of confirmed cases (PCC), average tests per day CFR and RR
  were estimated and compared among states.
\item
  \textbf{Measuring the CFR and RR\textsuperscript{{[}14{]}}:}
\end{enumerate}

The formulas below were used to measure PCC, CFR and RR-

PCC (\%) = (Number of test performed for COVID-19/Number of Confirm
COVID-19 cases) \selectlanguage{ngerman}×100

CFR (\%) = (Number of deaths due to COVID-19/ Number of reported cases
of COVID-19) ×100

RR (\%) = (Number of cases recovered from COVID-19/ Number of reported
cases of COVID19) ×100

\textbf{Results:}

The geographical spread of coronavirus outbreak in India had extended to
31 states and Union Territories after 1st phase of lockdown with an
addition of one state during 2nd phase of lockdown taking the tally to
total of 32 as of now, with Mizoram being the latest to report Covid-19
cases. Totally 15 \& 18 no. of states have crossed 100 cases mark after
completion of 1st\& 2nd phases of lockdown respectively. Average testing
per day and \% of confirmed cases of COVID- 19 among states of India
after lockdown 1.0 \& 2.0

\textbf{3.1. Average testing per day and \% of confirmed cases of COVID
19 among states of India after Lockdown 1.0:}

Interstate analysis of testing after first phase of lockdown revealed
that, \% of confirmed cases of some states like, Delhi (9.27\%), Madhya
Pradesh (7.45\%), West Bengal (6.16\%) and Tamil Nadu (6.09\%) are very
high in comparison to pan India (4.68\%). However Karnataka and Kerala
recorded lowest \% of confirmed cases i.e. 2.22\% and 2.33\%, while
remaining states recorded between 3-5.6.8\% (Table no.01 \&Figure
no.01). In case of average tests/day, Maharashtra and Rajasthan have
performed highest no. of tests, with average rate of 1955.7 and 1663.2
tests/day while, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir and Haryana have
performed least no. of test with average rate of 146.7, 219.9, 230.6 and
248.0 tests/day respectively (Table no. 01\& Figure no.02). Average
testing per day and \% of confirmed cases of COVID 19 among states of
India after

\textbf{3.2. Average testing per day and \% of confirmed cases of COVID
19 among states of India after Lockdown 2.0:}

After the second phase of lockdown, data showed that \% of confirmed
cases of Maharashtra (8.96\%), Delhi (7.24\%) Madhya Pradesh (5.43\%),
Punjab (4.32\%) and West Bengal (3.89\%) are still high in comparison to
pan India level (3.29\%) (Table no.01 \& Figure no.01).Average tests/day
data reveals that that Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Karnataka have accelerated the testing
rate enormously and performed highest no. of tests, with highest average
tests per day. On the other hand, West Bengal, Jammu \& Kashmir, Punjab
and Haryana has done least no. of tests per day on comparison with other
Indian states (Table no. 01 \& Figure no.02). All India data related to
\% of confirmed cases and average tests/day, after second phase of
lockdown showed remarkable improvement in comparison to first lockdown.
Data of Telangana state was not available for analysis.

\textbf{3.3 Comparison of CFR's after 1st and 2nd phases of lockdown:}

After completion of 1st phase of lockdown, total no. of confirmed cases
in India was 10,814 and 358 deaths was reported with CFR 3.26\%,
compared to 39093 confirmed cases and 1306 deaths with CFR 3.34\% (Table
no. 03).The total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was highest in
Maharashtra after completion of 1st phase and 2nd phases of lockdown.
However, Madhya Pradesh's CFR was highest after 1st\& 2nd phases of
lockdown i.e.7.11\% and 5.48\%.Six states have shown an increase in CFR
while eight states have shown decrease in CFR after completion of 2nd
phase of lockdown compared to 1st phase. India on total has shown
improvement in CFR rate after completion of 2nd phase of lockdown
compared to 1st phase (Table no .02 \&Figure no. 03).

\textbf{3.4. Comparison of RR's after 1st and 2nd phases of
lockdown:}The highest RR was observed in Kerala with RR values of 52.2\%
\& 80\% compared with the overall India RR of 10.99\% \& 27.84\% after
completion of 1st\& 2nd phases of phases of lockdown respectively.
Except West Bengal, all the other states and union territories showed an
improvement in RR's after completion of 2nd phase of lockdown compared
to 1st phase. The total number of exact people infected with COVID-19
may be higher than the number of known confirmed cases, mainly due to
limited testing and asymptomatic cases (Table no.02 \&Figure no. 03).

\textbf{4. Discussion:}

India's testing rate was on lower-end matched to other countries in a
fight against COVID- 19 until 03rd May 2020 but on the other hand \% of
confirmed cases after testing was lower (3.57\%) when compared with
Italy (23\%), Austria (16.7 \%), US (13.5 \%) and UK (10 \%).{[}15{]}.
This may indicate that the COVID 19 is still under the Phase 2 stage in
India and also highpoint the efforts of the Indian government.
Interstate analysis of lockdown 1.0 and 2.0 shows that some states
especially West Bengal, Jammu \& Kashmir, Punjab and, Haryana have very
smaller no. of testing rates, while Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka have
accelerated the testing and data showed a high shift in testing rate in
these states during the second phase of lockdown. Impact of social
distancing and lockdown can be observed clearly in this study where the
total no of cases and \% of confirmed cases have declined in states
after lockdown 2.0 except Maharashtra. However, the analysis of both the
phases 1.0 and 2.0 is quite encouraging, showing positive impact
supporting the lockdown initiative of Govt. of India at pan India level.
Despite this, the results of the study is a wakeup call for a few states
where the testing rate is very less, and \% of confirmed cases are high.
The testing rate should be accelerated in these states to stop the
asymptomatic transmission. Low testing rates may create a panic
situation in the future, and undiagnosed cases may lead to community
transmission that can create a dangerous situation for populations. Thus
it is essentially required, states and central govt. may unite together
to build the testing facility and accelerate the testing.

Currently, the mitigation measures adopted by the Indian government had
effectively reduced the spread and flattened the now ubiquitous curve to
allow health care providers to provide effective care to those in
critical need as evidenced by the decrease in \% of confirmed cases. But
the critical question remains what the future holds because lockdown
can't remain all time, thus during the lockdown, it is essential to test
the maximum population in high positive percentage areas so that the
symptomatic and asymptomatic cases can be traced and separated. Based on
the results obtained in our study, we attempt to answer these questions
in a rigorous evidence-based manner. At a fundamental level, epidemics
spread over a network where carriers spread diseases with whom they are
connected to some degree. These networks or 'links' can be via person to
person interaction, local transport or travel, or via shared spaces/
surfaces. The geographic location of the networks is relevant because
there may be different modes of spread that can exist within any region.
The mitigation procedures cannot completely break this human to human
'link' to disconnect the communities, and hence we recommend
policymakers and govt. to employ epidemiological studies and serological
test cards to screen the asymptomatic cases. Classical epidemiological
models are based on serological testing and utilized in past to estimate
a reproduction number or R0 (pronounced as R-naught) to describe the
intensity of the outbreak and is defined as the average number of
infectious. For large scale serological testing, private labs should
also be roped in, which will be helpful to accelerate the testing and
can screen the COVID-19 asymptomatic cases at a fast track level.

Cross-state comparisons of CFR and RR as important indicators of disease
characteristics are critical for national priority setting and
recognizing health system performance.{[}9{]} In the initial phases of
an epidemic, CFR tends to be on the higher side and this overestimation
is due to under testing and a time-lag bias, which is more pronounced at
the beginning of an outbreak. Although India is in initial phases of
COVID-19, estimating CFR and RR are of vital importance as they denote
the current status of the pandemic and helps in planning the additional
measures to be adopted to tackle the pandemic effectively. Hence, this
study was aimed to measure the CFR and RR of different states having at
least \textgreater{}100 confirmed cases in India during the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic using recent state-level data after the 1st\& 2nd
phases of lockdown i.e. 14th April \& 03rd May 2020.

Globally, India was in no.32 position in CFR after 1st phase of lockdown
and no. 44 position after 2nd phase of lockdown. The improvement in CFR
may be attributed to the mitigation measures adopted by the government
like complete lockdown, strict social distancing, closure of intra \&
interstate transport, improvement of testing facilities, awareness
programs, self-quarantine and mandatory use of preventive appliances
i.e. face mask, hand hygiene, etc., during this period. CFR of eight
states has decreased after the completion of the 2nd phase of lockdown
compared to 1st phase, indicating the success of mitigation measures
adopted by the general public and government. Still, India needs to
tackle the menace of low case testing, asymptomatic cases, undetected
cases, or delayed case reporting to decrease the CFR on a pan India
basis. The study also shows that RR of COVID- 19 has improved in all the
analyzed states except West Bengal hinting the strength of clinicians,
paramedical staff, and health care workers in the management of this
disease with the available medications advised by Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR). However, limited infrastructure and health care
facilities available in India for the 1.3 billion populations (approx.)
pose a challenge for the government authorities and policymakers in
containing this disease further. Therefore, strategies must be developed
including early detection of COVID-19 followed by access to medical
care, which may enhance the chances of recovery rates. Besides, case
studies with a detailed and accurate medical history, and scoring CFR
alongside RR, should be adopted in hospitals which may be helpful in
exactly pointing the hotspots of infection. This will, in turn, help the
government authorities in identifying the areas with higher infection
rates, so that lockdown can be strictly carried out in that parts of the
country and necessary medical resources will be mobilized to that areas.
Thus, the extended lockdown may provide more time to identify the
asymptomatic cases and prevent community transmission at the state
level.

\textbf{5. Conclusion} : Indian states have shown a tremendous
improvement concerning testing and mitigation measures to fight against
COVID- 19 as evidenced by a decrease in \% of confirmed cases, CFR, and
improvement in RR. Further, employing mass testing and epidemiological
studies will strengthen the health care infrastructure and will augment
the screening the asymptomatic cases.

\textbf{6. Conflicts of interest}

The authors have none to declare.

\textbf{7. References:}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Morens DM, Daszak P, Taubenberger JK. Escaping Pandora's Box-another
  novel coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1293-1295.
\item
  World Health Organization, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Last updated:
  2020/5/3, 9:00am CEST. https://covid19.who.int/
\item
  Coronavirus: India defiant as millions struggle under lockdown''. BBC.
  28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
\item
  One COVID-19 positive infects 1.7 in India, lower than in hot zones''.
  The Indian Express. 19 March 2020.
\item
  Pang J, Wang MX, Ang IYH, Tan SHX, Lewis RF, Chen JI, et al. Potential
  Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus
  (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2020;9:doi:
  10.3390/jcm9030623.
\item
  Tanu S. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J
  Pediatr. 2020; 87: 281--286
\item
  Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. COVID-19
  INDIA;2020;April .https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
\item
  Yueling M, Yadong Z, Jiangtao L, Xiaotao H, Bo W, Shihua F, et al.
  Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the mortality of
  covid-19 in Wuhan. Sci Total Environ. 2020;724:138226.
\item
  Kanchan T, Kumar N, Unnikrishnan B. Mortality: Statistics. In:
  Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2nd ed. Elsevier Inc:
  2015. p. 572-7.
\item
  Reich NG, Lessler J, Cummings DAT, Brookmeyer R. Estimating absolute
  and relative case fatality ratios from infectious disease surveillance
  data.
\item
  Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI''.~\emph{www.mohfw.gov.in}
  .
\item
  World Health Organization Overview Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
  Situation dashboard, latest global numbers and numbers by country of
  COVID-19 cases on a daily basis.
\item
  \textbar{}Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Global Covid-19
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\item
  Morteza AK, Fakher R. Cross-Country Comparison of Case Fatality Rates
  of COVID19/SARS-COV-2. Osong Public Health.
\item
  Data as on March 26, 2020 Sources: Korea Centers for Disease Control
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  Taiwan Centers for Disease Control; Indian Council of Medical
  Research; Ministry of Social Affairs, Austria
  https://www.bloombergquint.com/coronavirus-outbreak/1-in-50-covid-19-tests-inindia-are-coming-out-positive-compared-with-1-in-4-in-italy-1-in-10-in-the-uk
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Table no.01} : \textbf{Average testing per day and \% of
confirmed cases of COVID 19 among states of India after completion of
1st phase and 2nd phases of lockdown.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Indian states}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Tested cases} \textbf{(cumulative)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Detected cases (cumulative)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\% of confirmed cases (cumulative)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Avg. tests/per day} \textbf{(cumulative)}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 1.0 First Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 1.0 First Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 1.0 First Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 1.0 First Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 1.0 First Phase}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Andhra Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10505\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
432\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
500.2\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Delhi\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16282\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1510\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.27\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
814.1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gujarat\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14980\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
539\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.59\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
713.3\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Haryana\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5210\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
185\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.55\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
248\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Jammu and Kashmir\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4619\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
270\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
219.9\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Karnataka\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11107\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
247\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.22\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
528.9\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Kerala\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16235\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
379\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.33\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
773.0\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Madhya Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8105\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
604\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.45\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
385.9\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Maharashtra\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
41071\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2334\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1955.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Punjab\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4844\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
167\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.44\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
230.6\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Rajasthan\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34928\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
873\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.49\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1663.2\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Tamilnadu\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19255\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1173\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.09\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
916.9\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Uttar Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15914\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
558\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
757.8\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
West Bengal\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3081\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
190\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
146.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{India}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{237753}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{11145}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{4.68}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{11321.5}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 2.0 Second Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 2.0 Second Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 2.0 Second Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 2.0 Second Phase}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Lockdown 2.0 Second Phase}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Andhra Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
104432\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1151\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5221.6\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Delhi\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
41928\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3039\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2096.4\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Gujarat\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65080\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4689\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3254\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Haryana\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29768\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
257\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1488.4\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Jammu and Kashmir\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21419\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
431\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.01\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1070.9\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Karnataka\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63791\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
367\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.57\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3189.5\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Kerala\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15982\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
121\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.94\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
799.1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Madhya Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
41081\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2233\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5.43\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2054.0\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Maharashtra\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
118683\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10640\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.96\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5934.1\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Punjab\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21595\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
935\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.32\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1079.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Rajasthan\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
85312\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2136\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4265.6\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Tamilnadu\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
130854\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1850\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.41\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6542.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Uttar Pradesh\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
79927\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2087\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3996.3\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
West Bengal\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19834\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
773\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
991.7\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Pan India\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{956957}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{31569}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{3.29}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{47847.8}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\textbf{Table no.02: Comparison of case fatality rates and recovery
rates between states after completion of 1\textsuperscript{st} phase and
2\textsuperscript{nd} phases of lockdown.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllll@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{State} & \textbf{Total cases} & \textbf{Total deaths} &
\textbf{Active cases} & \textbf{Total recovered} & \textbf{CFR (\%)} &
\textbf{RR (\%)}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
Andhra Pradesh & 432 & 7 & 414 & 11 & 1.62 & 2.54\tabularnewline
Delhi & 1510 & 28 & 1452 & 30 & 1.85 & 1.98\tabularnewline
Gujarat & 539 & 26 & 459 & 54 & 4.82 & 10.01\tabularnewline
Haryana & 185 & 03 & 153 & 29 & 1.62 & 15.67\tabularnewline
Jammu and Kashmir & 270 & 04 & 250 & 16 & 1.4 & 5.92\tabularnewline
Karnataka & 247 & 06 & 182 & 59 & 2.42 & 23.8\tabularnewline
Kerala & 379 & 03 & 178 & 198 & 0.79 & 52.2\tabularnewline
Madhya Pradesh & 604 & 43 & 517 & 44 & 7.11 & 7.28\tabularnewline
Maharashtra & 2334 & 160 & 1957 & 217 & 6.85 & 9.29\tabularnewline
Punjab & 167 & 11 & 142 & 14 & 6.58 & 8.38\tabularnewline
Rajasthan & 873 & 03 & 849 & 21 & 0.34 & 2.40\tabularnewline
Tamilnadu & 1173 & 11 & 1104 & 58 & 0.93 & 4.94\tabularnewline
Telangana & 562 & 16 & 446 & 100 & 2.84 & 17.79\tabularnewline
Uttar Pradesh & 558 & 05 & 504 & 49 & 0.89 & 8.78\tabularnewline
West Bengal & 190 & 07 & 143 & 36 & 3.68 & 18.94\tabularnewline
\textbf{India} & \textbf{10814} & \textbf{353} & \textbf{9272} &
\textbf{1189} & \textbf{3.26} & \textbf{10.99}\tabularnewline
Andhra Pradesh & 1583 & 33 & 1062 & 488 & 2.08 & 30.82\tabularnewline
Delhi & 4122 & 64 & 2802 & 1256 & 1.55 & 30.47\tabularnewline
Gujarat & 5055 & 262 & 3897 & 896 & 5.18 & 17.72\tabularnewline
Haryana & 394 & 4 & 163 & 227 & 1.01 & 57.61\tabularnewline
Jammu and Kashmir & 666 & 8 & 404 & 254 & 1.20 & 38.13\tabularnewline
Karnataka & 606 & 25 & 299 & 282 & 4.12 & 46.56\tabularnewline
Kerala & 500 & 4 & 96 & 400 & 0.8 & 80\tabularnewline
Madhya Pradesh & 2846 & 156 & 1892 & 798 & 5.48 & 28.03\tabularnewline
Maharashtra & 12296 & 521 & 9775 & 2000 & 4.23 & 16.26\tabularnewline
Punjab & 772 & 20 & 640 & 112 & 2.59 & 14.50\tabularnewline
Rajasthan & 2772 & 65 & 1586 & 1121 & 2.34 & 40.44\tabularnewline
Tamil Nadu & 2757 & 29 & 1387 & 1341 & 1.05 & 48.63\tabularnewline
Telangana & 1063 & 28 & 577 & 458 & 2.63 & 43.08\tabularnewline
Uttar Pradesh & 2626 & 43 & 1885 & 698 & 1.63 & 26.58\tabularnewline
West Bengal & 922 & 33 & 738 & 151 & 3.57 & 16.37\tabularnewline
Bihar & 482 & 04 & 361 & 117 & 0.82 & 24.27\tabularnewline
Jharkhand & 115 & 03 & 90 & 22 & 2.60 & 19.13\tabularnewline
Odisha & 160 & 01 & 103 & 56 & 0.6 & 35\tabularnewline
\textbf{India} & 39093 & 1306 & 28070 & 10887 & 3.34 &
27.84\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\textbf{Figure no: 01. Comparison of \% 0f confirmed cases among states
of India after completion of 1}\textsuperscript{\textbf{st}}
\textbf{phase and 2}\textsuperscript{\textbf{nd}} \textbf{phases of
lockdown.}

\textbf{} \textbf{{}}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{Figure no: 02. Comparison of average tests/day among states of
India after completion of 1}\textsuperscript{\textbf{st}} \textbf{phase
and 2}\textsuperscript{\textbf{nd}} \textbf{phases of lockdown.}

\textbf{} \textbf{{}}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{Figure no: 03. Comparison of case fatality rate (CFR) among
states of India after completion of 1}\textsuperscript{\textbf{st}}
\textbf{phase and 2}\textsuperscript{\textbf{nd}} \textbf{phases of
lockdown.}

{}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

\textbf{~}

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\textbf{~}

\textbf{Figure no: 04. Comparison of recovery rates (RR) among states of
India after completion of 1}\textsuperscript{\textbf{st}} \textbf{phase
and 2}\textsuperscript{\textbf{nd}} \textbf{phases of lockdown.}

{}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

