What’s already known about this topic?
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related to a range of adverse
health outcomes. Low vitamin D levels appear related to pneumonia,
cytokine burst and acute respiratory distress syndrome, all of which are
associated with COVID-19. Accumulating evidence links COVID-19 incidence
and outcomes with vitamin D status. We investigated to see if an
interaction existed between vitamin D levels and social deprivation in
those with and without COVID-19 infection.