What’s already known about this topic?
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are related to a range of adverse health outcomes. Low vitamin D levels appear related to pneumonia, cytokine burst and acute respiratory distress syndrome, all of which are associated with COVID-19. Accumulating evidence links COVID-19 incidence and outcomes with vitamin D status. We investigated to see if an interaction existed between vitamin D levels and social deprivation in those with and without COVID-19 infection.