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\begin{document}

\title{SINGLE STRAIN PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIA AGAINST THE SARS-COV-2}



\author[1]{Hüseyin S Bozkurt}%
\affil[1]{Maltepe University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Sars-Cov-2 is a pandemic virus that manifests itself with respiratory
distress as well as leading to symptoms and signs associated with the
gastrointestinal tract. It is especially manifested by the disturbed
immune status, which is also referred to as cytokine storm. Probiotics
are living microorganisms that have been shown to have beneficial
effects on human immunity. The immune modulation effects of some single
strain probiotic bacteria are more evident. Cytokine storm can be
controlled through these immune modulating effects of strain specific
probiotic bacteria.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


SINGLE STRAIN PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIA AGAINST THE SARS-COV-2

H\selectlanguage{ngerman}üseyin Sancar Bozkurt

Istanbul Maltepe University Faculty Of Medicine, Clinic of
Gastroenterology

\emph{sancarb79@gmail.com}

The Author declarates no conflict of interest

\textbf{Abstract} : Sars-Cov-2 is a pandemic virus that manifests itself
with respiratory distress as well as leading to symptoms and signs
associated with the gastrointestinal tract. It is especially manifested
by the disturbed immune status, which is also referred to as cytokine
storm. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have been shown to have
beneficial effects on human immunity. The immune modulation effects of
some single strain probiotic bacteria are more evident. Cytokine storm
can be controlled through these immune modulating effects of strain
specific probiotic bacteria.

\textbf{Keywords:} Sars-Cov-2, probiotic, bifidobacteria

\textbf{Introduction:} Sars-Cov-2 is a pandemic virus that manifests
itself with respiratory distress as well as leading to symptoms and
signs associated with the gastrointestinal tract. It is especially
manifested by the disturbed immune status in lung and intestinal
tissues. Intestinal dysbiosis that develop before or after Sars-Cov-2
treatment could affect the response to treatment and lung recovery.

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have been shown to have
modulatory effects on human immunity. The immune modulation effects of
some single strain probiotic bacteria are more evident. Cytokine storm
can be controlled through these immune modulating effects of probiotic
bacteria.Here, we offer a new approach with high dose oral single strain
probiotic bifidobacterium administration in moderate/severe Sars-Cov-2
patients.

\textbf{Method:} Some strains of Bifidobacterium have IL-17 inhibitory
effect .Theoretically, A high-single dose convenient administration of
appropriate and reliable Bifidobacterium strain such as BB-12, Infantis
or use of these strains' lipopolysaccharide membranes in vaccine
development can be considered as a therapeutic and preventive method in
coronavirus infected patients {[}1{]} (Fig.1,2). Bifidobacterium
animalis is highly likely to prevent the replication of coronav\selectlanguage{polish}ı\selectlanguage{english}ruses by
reducing ER stress-related autophagy over the anti-interleukin-17 effect

\textbf{Result:} Oral high dose administration of \emph{Bifidobacterium
animalis} subsp. \emph{lactis} in COV\selectlanguage{polish}İ\selectlanguage{english}D19 patients especially with
intestinal dysbiosis is a new single strain oral administration method.
It is easy to apply and has no observable side effect {[}2{]}. Its
effectiveness on intestinal and lung recovery could be attributed to the
enhancement/control of immune modulatory status and possible anti
IL-17/Th17 effect in intestinal mucosa {[}3{]}. Also, some of single
strain probiotic bifidobacteria such as BB-12,Infantis have anti-viral
egsopolysaccharide cell structure which can block Sars-Cov-2 adhesion on
tissue and can be used for vaccine development. Although it has been
shown that probiotics containing multiple species taken from the mouth
reduce the severity of the infection{[}4{]}, the cause and effect
relationship cannot be clearly revealed due to the various of probiotic
bacterial species, at this point, the single strain of probiotic
bifidobacteria approach gives hope. Nonetheless, it is still necessary
to develop diagnostic strategies to determine the patients to whom this
method would be the most applicable.

\textbf{Discussion:} Since the relationship between viral replication
and gastrointestinal immunity is very close, an appropriate approach
over probiotic bifid bacteria can play an important role in stopping
viral replication. New approaches to the single strain probiotic
bacteria can be promising, both in terms of vaccination and treatment
models.

\textbf{References:}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Bozkurt HS, Quigley EM. The probiotic~\emph{Bifidobacterium} ~in the
  management of Coronavirus: A theoretical basis. Int J Immunopathol
  Pharmacol. 2020 Jan-Dec;34:2058738420961304. doi:
  10.1177/2058738420961304.
\item
  Bozkurt HS et al. A new treatment for ulcerative colitis: Intracolonic
  Bifidobacterium and xyloglucan application. European Journal of
  Inflammation. January 2020. doi:10.1177/2058739220942626
\item
  Bozkurt, H\selectlanguage{ngerman}üseyin S.; Quigley, Eamonn M.M. 2019. ''Bifidobacteria and
  Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells: A New Approach to
  Colorectal Cancer Prevention?'' Gastrointest. Disord. 1, no. 2:
  266-272.\emph{https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord1020022}.
\item
  Li Q, Cheng F, Xu Q, et al. The role of probiotics in coronavirus
  disease-19 infection in Wuhan: A retrospective study of 311 severe
  patients {[}published online ahead of print, 2021 Mar 5{]}. Int
  Immunopharmacol. 2021;95:107531. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107531
\end{enumerate}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Severe-with-ARDS-Sars-Cov-2-Thoraks-CT/Severe-with-ARDS-Sars-Cov-2-Thoraks-CT}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/Rapid-radiologic-enhancement-after-4/Rapid-radiologic-enhancement-after-4}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/oral-admnstr-bb-12-severe-covid19/oral-admnstr-bb-12-severe-covid19}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

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