Human excerpts
|
Gold-standard model
|
Ethical permission
High inter- and intra-variability than with porcine ear skin
Storage stability lack
|
Pig (ear)
|
No ethical restrictions
Availability (waste from slaughter)
Similarity with human skin
|
Age of animal influences skin thickness
Hair follicles (removal may conduce to skin damage)
Storage stability lack
|
Newborn pig
|
Similar thickness of the SC
|
Higher number of hairs than in humans
Variability due to the use of different anatomical sites
Storage stability lack
|
Mouse / Rat
|
Small size
Uncomplicated handling
Hairless species available
|
Ethical restrictions
Lower thickness
High permeability
High density of hair follicles
Removal of hairs (skin damage)
|
Guinea pig
|
Similar permeability to human skin
Hairless species available
|
Ethical restrictions
High density of hair follicles
Removal of (skin damage)
|
Rabbit
|
Ears as waste from slaughter
Similar permeability to guinea pig
|
Ethical restrictions
High density of hair follicles
Hair follicles (removal may conduce to skin damage)
|
Shed snake
|
Single animal provides repeated sheds
Multiple samples from one animal
Storage at room temperature
|
Absence of hair follicles
Different skin metabolism
Absence of living epidermis and dermis
|
Bovine udders
|
Availability (easily obtained waste from slaughter)
Multiple samples from one animal
|
Weaker barrier to some drugs than pig skin
Storage stability lack
|