Long-term effects: changing soil properties and hydrology
When we consider sustainable land resource management through SWC
measures, the focus should be at larger scale based on long-term
evidences, because the phenomenon generally takes place over a long
period of time. Especially the improvement of soil quality and ecosystem
services in the landscape is a long-term process (Abegaz et al., 2016;
Amsalu et al., 2007). In this review, we observed that, many research
outputs on the effect of SWC measures are at plot scale manly based on
short-term based evidence. Therefore, due to insufficient long-term
based studies, SWC strategies are tested and adopted at the small scale
and usually originate from simple blanket decisions. Therefore, there is
a strong demand to address the impact of SWC measures based on time
series observations and evidences for better understanding of
biophysical dynamics in the landscape.