Landscape factors
A relatively recent (2009) land cover map of the BMR was used to assess landscape functional structure in the nearby of both butterfly and bird transects. These biodiversity databases consist in 91 transects monitored to get data of birds (linear buffer: 500 m), and 23 transects monitored to obtain data of butterflies (circular buffer: 750 m). In these buffers (Fig. 2 ), a set of landscape metrics of landscape composition and configuration were obtained using SIG (ArcGIS) methods. Regarding landscape composition, we calculated the proportion of main land cover categories (Forest, Scrubland, Cropland and Built-up) per buffer. Regarding landscape configuration, we obtained landscape heterogeneity (i.e. land cover evenness), edge density (i.e. the sum of edge length divided by buffer area), polygon density (i.e. the amount of patches per buffer area), largest patch index (i.e. the area percentage of the largest patch in the buffer), effective mesh size, a defragmentation measure proposed by Jaeger (52 ), and ecological connectivity, inferred from the ecological connectivity index proposed by Marull and Mallarach (53 ).