Methods
The impact study covered 202 randomly selected households in villages of the SCAD project. The sample was taken from four generations of PIP farmers: the 1st generation are Farmer Innovators trained by the project in 2014/15; the 2nd and 3rd generations are trained by farmer-trainers in two consecutive PIP competitions (2015/16); and the 4thgeneration is from adjacent villages where the PIP approach was recently scaled-up (2017). A control group (non-PIP) was taken from villages where the approach was not implemented. Among the interviewees 60% were male and 40% female.
The qualitative evaluation was conducted among 30 PIP farmers who had started PIP creation in 2016/17 with the PAPAB project, and were purposively selected to capture a diverse set of opinions and experiences. The sample was proportionally spread over three generations of PIP farmers, both sexes, and all six PAPAB provinces. Using the Most Significant Change methodology, interviews focused on 1) changes in behaviour, attitude, and way of living; 2) changes in intrinsic motivation; and 3) changes in collaboration and decision-making within the household.