2.7 Prediction of the optimal dose regimens for chloroquine and
lopinavir
The optimal dose regimen of lopinavir was determined based on the
previously reported cytopathic effect on SARS-CoV, and maximum dose used
in the published clinical trial, i.e., unbound trough plasma
concentration (Ctrough) > 0·04 mg
l-1 (Chu et al., 2004). The optimal dose regimen of
chloroquine was determined based on the reported 50% effective
concentration of COVID-19 (EC50: 1.13 µM or 0.36 mg
l-1) (Wang et al., 2020), or unbound
Ctrough at 24 hours, or 12 hours, or 8 hours
> 0.36 mg l-1. The maximum doses of
chloroquine, and LPV/r used for simulations were 20 mg
kg-1 body weight day-1 (Furst et
al., 1999), and 800/200 mg day-1 (Eron et al., 2004),
respectively. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were reported as
mean ± standard deviation (SD).