2.7 Prediction of the optimal dose regimens for chloroquine and lopinavir
The optimal dose regimen of lopinavir was determined based on the previously reported cytopathic effect on SARS-CoV, and maximum dose used in the published clinical trial, i.e., unbound trough plasma concentration (Ctrough) > 0·04 mg l-1 (Chu et al., 2004). The optimal dose regimen of chloroquine was determined based on the reported 50% effective concentration of COVID-19 (EC50: 1.13 µM or 0.36 mg l-1) (Wang et al., 2020), or unbound Ctrough at 24 hours, or 12 hours, or 8 hours > 0.36 mg l-1. The maximum doses of chloroquine, and LPV/r used for simulations were 20 mg kg-1 body weight day-1 (Furst et al., 1999), and 800/200 mg day-1 (Eron et al., 2004), respectively. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD).