References
1. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB,
Spiegelman D, Ascherio AL, Stampfer MJ. Birth weight and adult
hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men. Circulation.
1996;94(12):3246-50.
2. Klepac P, Locatelli I, Korosec S,
Kunzli N, Kukec A. Ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: A
comprehensive review and identification of environmental public health
challenges. Environ Res. 2018;167:144-59.
3. Clemens T, Turner S, Dibben C.
Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and fetal growth in
North-East Scotland: A population-based study using routine ultrasound
scans. Environ Int. 2017;107:216-26.
4. Aguilera I, Garcia-Esteban R,
Iniguez C, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Rodriguez A, Paez M, et al. Prenatal
exposure to traffic-related air pollution and ultrasound measures of
fetal growth in the INMA Sabadell cohort. Environ Health Perspect.
2010;118(5):705-11.
5. Carvalho MA, Bernardes LS,
Hettfleisch K, Pastro LD, Vieira SE, Saldiva SR, et al. Associations of
maternal personal exposure to air pollution on fetal weight and
fetoplacental Doppler: A prospective cohort study. Reprod Toxicol.
2016;62:9-17.
6. Hansen CA, Barnett AG, Pritchard G.
The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal
ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect.
2008;116(3):362-9.
7. Iniguez C, Ballester F, Estarlich
M, Esplugues A, Murcia M, Llop S, et al. Prenatal exposure to
traffic-related air pollution and fetal growth in a cohort of pregnant
women. Occup Environ Med. 2012;69(10):736-44.
8. Malmqvist E, Liew Z, Kallen K,
Rignell-Hydbom A, Rittner R, Rylander L, et al. Fetal growth and air
pollution - A study on ultrasound and birth measures. Environ Res.
2017;152:73-80.
9. Ritz B, Qiu J, Lee PC, Lurmann F,
Penfold B, Erin Weiss R, et al. Prenatal air pollution exposure and
ultrasound measures of fetal growth in Los Angeles, California. Environ
Res. 2014;130:7-13.
10. van den Hooven EH, Pierik FH, de
Kluizenaar Y, Hofman A, van Ratingen SW, Zandveld PY, et al. Air
pollution exposure and markers of placental growth and function: the
generation R study. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(12):1753-9.
11. Dibben C, Clemens T. Place of
work and residential exposure to ambient air pollution and birth
outcomes in Scotland, using geographically fine pollution climate
mapping estimates. Environ Res. 2015;140:535-41.
12. Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM,
Ketzel M, Pedersen M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sorensen M. Associations
between maternal exposure to air pollution and traffic noise and
newborn’s size at birth: A cohort study. Environ Int. 2016;95:1-7.
13. Malley CS, Kuylenstierna JC,
Vallack HW, Henze DK, Blencowe H, Ashmore MR. Preterm birth associated
with maternal fine particulate matter exposure: A global, regional and
national assessment. Environ Int. 2017;101:173-82.
14. Pedersen M, Giorgis-Allemand L,
Bernard C, Aguilera I, Andersen AM, Ballester F, et al. Ambient air
pollution and low birthweight: a European cohort study (ESCAPE). Lancet
Respir Med. 2013;1(9):695-704.
15. Rich DQ, Liu K, Zhang J, Thurston
SW, Stevens TP, Pan Y, et al. Differences in Birth Weight Associated
with the 2008 Beijing Olympics Air Pollution Reduction: Results from a
Natural Experiment. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(9):880-7.
16. Stieb DM, Chen L, Hystad P,
Beckerman BS, Jerrett M, Tjepkema M, et al. A national study of the
association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse pregnancy
outcomes in Canada, 1999-2008. Environ Res. 2016;148:513-26.
17. Stieb DM, Chen L, Beckerman BS,
Jerrett M, Crouse DL, Omariba DW, et al. Associations of Pregnancy
Outcomes and PM2.5 in a National Canadian Study. Environ Health
Perspect. 2016;124(2):243-9.
18. Shi W, Swan KF, Lear SR, O’Neil
JS, Erickson SK, Henson MC. Regulation of pathways determining
cholesterol availability in the baboon placenta with advancing
gestation. Biol Reprod. 1999;61(6):1499-505.
19. Stefulj J, Panzenboeck U, Becker
T, Hirschmugl B, Schweinzer C, Lang I, et al. Human endothelial cells of
the placental barrier efficiently deliver cholesterol to the fetal
circulation via ABCA1 and ABCG1. Circ Res. 2009;104(5):600-8.
20. Macchi C, Ferri N, Favero C,
Cantone L, Vigna L, Pesatori AC, et al. Long-term exposure to air
pollution raises circulating levels of proprotein convertase
subtilisin/kexin type 9 in obese individuals. Eur J Prev Cardiol.
2019;26(6):578-88.
21. Adorni MP, Ruscica M, Ferri N,
Bernini F, Zimetti F. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9,
Brain Cholesterol Homeostasis and Potential Implication for Alzheimer’s
Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11:120.
22. An D, Wei X, Li H, Gu H, Huang T,
Zhao G, et al. Identification of PCSK9 as a novel serum biomarker for
the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects using iTRAQ quantitative
proteomics. Sci Rep. 2015;5:17559.
23. Apaijai N, Moisescu DM, Palee S,
McSweeney CM, Saiyasit N, Maneechote C, et al. Pretreatment With PCSK9
Inhibitor Protects the Brain Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Through a Reduction of Neuronal Inflammation and Amyloid Beta
Aggregation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(2):e010838.
24. Dias MAB, De Oliveira L,
Jeyabalan A, Payne B, Redman CW, Magee L, et al. PREPARE: protocol for a
stepped wedge trial to evaluate whether a risk stratification model can
reduce preterm deliveries among women with suspected or confirmed
preterm pre-eclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):343.
25. Ruscica M, Simonelli S, Botta M,
Ossoli A, Lupo MG, Magni P, et al. Plasma PCSK9 levels and lipoprotein
distribution are preserved in carriers of genetic HDL disorders. Biochim
Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2018;1863(9):991-7.
26. Silibello C, Calori G, Brusasca
G, +., Giudici A, Angelino E, Fossati G, et al. Modelling of PM10
concentrations over Milano urban area
using two aerosol modules. Environ Model Software. 2008;23(3):11.
27. Ruscica M, Ferri N, Fogacci F,
Rosticci M, Botta M, Marchiano S, et al. Circulating Levels of
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Arterial Stiffness in
a Large Population Sample: Data From the Brisighella Heart Study. J Am
Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5).
28. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Bradwin G,
Rose L. Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels and
the risk of first cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(6):554-60.
29. Pecks U, Rath W, Maass N, Berger
B, Lueg I, Farrokh A, et al. Fetal gender and gestational age
differentially affect PCSK9 levels in intrauterine growth restriction.
Lipids Health Dis. 2016;15(1):193.
30. Dube E, Ethier-Chiasson M, Lafond
J. Modulation of cholesterol transport by insulin-treated gestational
diabetes mellitus in human full-term placenta. Biol Reprod.
2013;88(1):16.
31. Heitritter SM, Solomon CG,
Mitchell GF, Skali-Ounis N, Seely EW. Subclinical inflammation and
vascular dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes
mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):3983-8.
32. Lee PC, Talbott EO, Roberts JM,
Catov JM, Sharma RK, Ritz B. Particulate air pollution exposure and
C-reactive protein during early pregnancy. Epidemiology.
2011;22(4):524-31.
33. Schins RP, Lightbody JH, Borm PJ,
Shi T, Donaldson K, Stone V. Inflammatory effects of coarse and fine
particulate matter in relation to chemical and biological constituents.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004;195(1):1-11.
34. Adank MC, Benschop L, Peterbroers
KR, Smak Gregoor AM, Kors AW, Mulder MT, et al. Is maternal lipid
profile in early pregnancy associated with pregnancy complications and
blood pressure in pregnancy and long term postpartum? Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2019;221(2):150 e1- e13.
35. B HAW, Dodds J, Placzek A,
Beresford L, Spyreli E, Moore A, et al. Mediterranean-style diet in
pregnant women with metabolic risk factors (ESTEEM): A pragmatic
multicentre randomised trial. PLoS Med. 2019;16(7):e1002857.
36. Berkane N, Liere P, Oudinet JP,
Hertig A, Lefevre G, Pluchino N, et al. From Pregnancy to Preeclampsia:
A Key Role for Estrogens. Endocr Rev. 2017;38(2):123-44.
37. Lakoski SG, Lagace TA, Cohen JC,
Horton JD, Hobbs HH. Genetic and metabolic determinants of plasma PCSK9
levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(7):2537-43.
38. Ooi TC, Raymond A, Cousins M,
Favreau C, Taljaard M, Gavin C, et al. Relationship between
testosterone, estradiol and circulating PCSK9: Cross-sectional and
interventional studies in humans. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;446:97-104.
39. Seidah NG, Benjannet S, Wickham
L, Marcinkiewicz J, Jasmin SB, Stifani S, et al. The secretory
proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1 (NARC-1):
liver regeneration and neuronal differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A. 2003;100(3):928-33.
40. Botha TC, Pilcher GJ, Wolmarans
K, Blom DJ, Raal FJ. Statins and other lipid-lowering therapy and
pregnancy outcomes in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: A
retrospective review of 39 pregnancies. Atherosclerosis. 2018;277:502-7.
41. Ward NC, Page MM, Watts GF.
Clinical guidance on the contemporary use of proprotein convertase
subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies. Diabetes Obes Metab.
2019;21 Suppl 1:52-62.
42. Watts GF, Gidding S, Wierzbicki
AS, Toth PP, Alonso R, Brown WV, et al. Integrated guidance on the care
of familial hypercholesterolemia from the International FH Foundation. J
Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(2):148-72.
43. Lim CC, Mahmood T. Obesity in
pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(3):309-19.
44. Hauspurg A, Parry S, Mercer BM,
Grobman W, Hatfield T, Silver RM, et al. Blood pressure trajectory and
category and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in nulliparous
women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(3):277 e1- e8.
45. Benschop L, Duvekot JJ, Roeters
van Lennep JE. Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and
events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Heart.
2019;105(16):1273-8.
46. Sun M, Yan W, Fang K, Chen D, Liu
J, Chen Y, et al. The correlation between PM2.5 exposure and
hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A Meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ.
2019;703:134985.
47. Jasper R, Skelding K.
Cardiovascular disease risk unmasked by pregnancy complications. Eur J
Intern Med. 2018;57:1-6.
48. Cicoira M. Ambient air pollution
as a new risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: Time to take action.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25(8):816-7.
49. Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W,
Hong Y, Howard G, Lipsett M, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular
disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel
on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association.
Circulation. 2004;109(21):2655-71.
50. Yang BY, Guo Y, Morawska L, Bloom
MS, Markevych I, Heinrich J, et al. Ambient PM1 air pollution and
cardiovascular disease prevalence: Insights from the 33 Communities
Chinese Health Study. Environ Int. 2019;123:310-7.