3.8 Effect of PA extract on lipid parameters
Estimation of the antihyperlipidemic effect of PA was scrutinized
through lipid profile of the STZ induced DM group rats. Several
researchers suggest that the hyperlipidemia is the result of secondary
complication after expansion of DM. The normal and normal receivedPA (200 mg/kg) showed the normal lipid profile, but the STZ
induced DM group rats showed the alteration of lipid profile in terms of
TG (130.1±3.78 mg/dL), LDL (89.58±2.58 mg/dL), TC (83.4±2.94 mg/dL), HDL
(20.1±2.54 mg/dL) and VLDL (26.02±1.83 mg/dL), the values were almost
double as compared to normal and normal received PA (200 mg/kg)
group rats. STZ induced DM treated with PA (200 mg/kg) showed the
significantly (p<0.001) modulation of TG (86.9±2.43 mg/dL),
LDL (23.53±1.45 mg/dL), TC (83.4±2.94 mg/dL), HDL (42.5±1.39 mg/dL) and
VLDL (17.38±1.03 mg/dL). STZ induced DM treated with glibenclamide
showed the significantly (p<0.001) modulation of TG (87.3±2.06
mg/dL), LDL (25.84±1.76 mg/dL), TC (85.2±3.54 mg/dL), HDL (41.9±1.79
mg/dL) and VLDL (17.46±1.11 mg/dL), respectively.
Table 1 represents the coronary risk index and atherogenic index from a
different group of rats. The level of the coronary risk and atherogenic
index almost equal to normal and normal rats received PA (200
mg/kg). STZ induced DM rats showed the atherogenic index (4.4±0.53) and
coronary risk index (6.75±1.02), which increased more than 5 times more
as compared to normal and normal rats received PA (200 mg/kg). On
the other hand, STZ induced DM rats treated with PA (200 mg/kg)
showed the atherogenic index (0.55±0.09) and coronary risk index
(1.96±0.68), which was reduced more than 5 times as comparison STZ
induced DM rats. Glibenclamide treated rats showed the atherogenic index
(0.62±0.08) and coronary risk index (2.03±0.53), respectively.
During the normal condition, insulin activates the lipolytic hormones
and acts on the peripheral fat depots, hydrolyzes triglycerides and
avoid mobilization of free fatty acids. The reduced level of HDL and
increase level of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL are considered as a hyperlipidemic
condition. Hyperlipidemia condition majorly contributed to the expansion
of cardiovascular disease (Takahashi et al., 2004; Lionetti et al.,
2009). STZ induced DM group rats to present the same condition and shows
the hyperlipidemia in the rats. During the DM condition, insulin
deficiency is observed, which inactivates the lipoprotein lipase enzyme
and promotes the conversion of free fatty acid into cholesterol and
phospholipids and finally discharge into the blood. This results in an
increase of cholesterol and phospholipids level into the blood (Geethan
and Prince, 2008). PA treatment significantly (P<0.001)
altered the lipid profile near to normal control group rats in a
dose-dependent manner (table 2). The alteration of lipid profile may be
due to the insulin-like effect of PA that down-regulates the
lipid metabolism thus supporting its beneficial effects in DM and its
related complications.