3.8 Effect of PA extract on lipid parameters
Estimation of the antihyperlipidemic effect of PA was scrutinized through lipid profile of the STZ induced DM group rats. Several researchers suggest that the hyperlipidemia is the result of secondary complication after expansion of DM. The normal and normal receivedPA (200 mg/kg) showed the normal lipid profile, but the STZ induced DM group rats showed the alteration of lipid profile in terms of TG (130.1±3.78 mg/dL), LDL (89.58±2.58 mg/dL), TC (83.4±2.94 mg/dL), HDL (20.1±2.54 mg/dL) and VLDL (26.02±1.83 mg/dL), the values were almost double as compared to normal and normal received PA (200 mg/kg) group rats. STZ induced DM treated with PA (200 mg/kg) showed the significantly (p<0.001) modulation of TG (86.9±2.43 mg/dL), LDL (23.53±1.45 mg/dL), TC (83.4±2.94 mg/dL), HDL (42.5±1.39 mg/dL) and VLDL (17.38±1.03 mg/dL). STZ induced DM treated with glibenclamide showed the significantly (p<0.001) modulation of TG (87.3±2.06 mg/dL), LDL (25.84±1.76 mg/dL), TC (85.2±3.54 mg/dL), HDL (41.9±1.79 mg/dL) and VLDL (17.46±1.11 mg/dL), respectively.
Table 1 represents the coronary risk index and atherogenic index from a different group of rats. The level of the coronary risk and atherogenic index almost equal to normal and normal rats received PA (200 mg/kg). STZ induced DM rats showed the atherogenic index (4.4±0.53) and coronary risk index (6.75±1.02), which increased more than 5 times more as compared to normal and normal rats received PA (200 mg/kg). On the other hand, STZ induced DM rats treated with PA (200 mg/kg) showed the atherogenic index (0.55±0.09) and coronary risk index (1.96±0.68), which was reduced more than 5 times as comparison STZ induced DM rats. Glibenclamide treated rats showed the atherogenic index (0.62±0.08) and coronary risk index (2.03±0.53), respectively.
During the normal condition, insulin activates the lipolytic hormones and acts on the peripheral fat depots, hydrolyzes triglycerides and avoid mobilization of free fatty acids. The reduced level of HDL and increase level of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL are considered as a hyperlipidemic condition. Hyperlipidemia condition majorly contributed to the expansion of cardiovascular disease (Takahashi et al., 2004; Lionetti et al., 2009). STZ induced DM group rats to present the same condition and shows the hyperlipidemia in the rats. During the DM condition, insulin deficiency is observed, which inactivates the lipoprotein lipase enzyme and promotes the conversion of free fatty acid into cholesterol and phospholipids and finally discharge into the blood. This results in an increase of cholesterol and phospholipids level into the blood (Geethan and Prince, 2008). PA treatment significantly (P<0.001) altered the lipid profile near to normal control group rats in a dose-dependent manner (table 2). The alteration of lipid profile may be due to the insulin-like effect of PA that down-regulates the lipid metabolism thus supporting its beneficial effects in DM and its related complications.