3.3 Effect of PA extract on BGL
BGL of the normal and normal received PA (200 mg/kg) is almost same at the end of the experimental study. STZ induced DC rats showed continues increase in BGL from 272.66 mg/dL to 388.76 mg/dL at end of the experimental study and confirm the expansion of diabetes. DC rats treated with PA (50 mg/kg) demonstrated the reduction in the BGL 266.43 mg/dL to 170 mg/dL; PA (100 mg/kg) reveals the reduction from 265 mg/dL to 142.66 mg/dL and PA (200 mg/kg) illustrates the 256.36 mg/dL to 100.36 mg/dL, respectively. Glibenclamide treated group rats showed the decreased BGL from 262 mg/dL to 93.37 mg/dL. The result suggests the anti-diabetic effect of PA by reduction of BGL.
Figure 2b shows the percentage of reduction in the BGL. PAdemonstrated 37.05, 46.58 and 61.42% diminution in the BGL at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. On the country, glibenclamide showed the 64.25% reduction in the BGL as a comparison to DC group rats.
Diabetes is categorized via hyperglycemia with a down-regulation of insulin secretion and its function. It is well-documented fact that hyperglycemia produces an excess amount of ROS, which further causes the oxidative stress in the system. Several published research suggests that the antioxidant play a significant role in the reduction of l free radicals generation (Valko et al., 2007; Rains and Jain, 2011). As on date market is flooded by synthetic drugs for the treatment of DM, but they account for limitation due to side effects. From our current knowledge till date no work is published on the effect of PA as an anti-diabetic seed. We already suggest the possible role of antioxidant therapy against the DM. In the continuation of our research, we explore the possible phytoconstituents present in the extract and scrutinize against DM. Glibenclamide was marked as the reference (standard) drug for its sulfonylurea moiety and can improve the glucose control via acting on the insulin action and its secretion.
Streptozotocin (STZ), a commonly used nitrosourea obtained from the soil bacteria Streptomyces achromogenes , for induction of diabetes by increasing e the reactive oxygen species (ROS) load. The low dose of the STZ induces the type I DM and a high dose of STZ to induce the type II DM. Its penetrate the β-cells via glucose transporter and induce the breakdown the DNA in β-cells inducing the reduction of insulin secretion (Szkudelski, 2012). The breakage of DNA strand leads to increase in glucose concentration in blood. In the rodent model, the STZ initiates within 2 hours high level of insulin in blood followed by hyperglycemia within 6 hours suggesting hyperglycemia develops with a high level of insulin. As STZ destroys the Beta Cell of panaceas the insulin level goes down and hyperglycemia is maintained (Esposito et al., 2002; Alipio et al., 2010).