Tables and Figures
Table 1. Comparison of main genomic characteristics. Louse symbionts highlighted by grey background.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the two Neisseria-related symbionts. Multigene matrix: Bayesian analysis of the multigene matrix; the numbers at the nodes show posterior probabilities/bootstrap supports obtained by the Maximum Likelihood analysis in PhyML. 16S matrix: part of the tree obtained by the Bayesian analysis of the 16S matrix showing relationships of the two Neisseria-related symbionts to several Uncultured bacteria (see SupplementaryInformation/SupplementaryFigure1 for the complete tree); the numbers at the nodes show posterior probabilities/bootstrap supports obtained by the Maximum Likelihood analysis in PhyML. Mauve synteny: an overview of strong synteny between the two symbionts; H - “Neisseria”-H, P - “Neisseria”-P (see SupplementaryData1 for a complete list of the genes).
Figure 2. Highly abundant taxa found in H. edentula and four different populations of H. acanthopus. Detailed phylogenetic relationships of the hosts are shown in the SupplementaryInformation/SupplementaryFigure2.
Figure 3. Highly abundant taxa found in Polyplax serrata samples from distinct populations. The phylogenetic scheme simplifies the COI based phylogeny of individual samples provided in SupplementaryInformation/SupplementaryFigure3. Designation of the branches is based on mtDNA structure described in the study by Martinu et al. [50]: A = lineage specific to Apodemus agrarius, S = lineage specific to Apodemus flavicollis (W = west sublineage, E = east sublinage), N= nonspecific lineage from A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus. The numbers for Legionella polyplacis designate two different OTUs, reflecting evolutionary changes accumulated after the split of Polyplax serrata lineages.
Figure 4. Light and confocal microscopy of a FISH-stained female H. acanthopus . (a) Light microscopy image showing the louse body containing a developing egg (white arrow). (b) Hybridization signal for the Neisseriaceae specific probe beta-572 (green) shows the localization of the symbionts. The dashed red square defines the region shown in panel c, d and e. (c, d and e) Hybridization signals for DAPI (cyan), the Neisseriaceae specific probe beta-572 (green) and the generic bacterial probe EUB338 (magenta) are shown in panel c, d and e, respectively, and were combined in the merged color image (f), with theNeisseria ‑related symbionts appearing white. DAPI staining in panel c defines also the localization of the bacteriocytes above ovarial ampullae.
Scale bars: (a, b) 500 μm, (c, d, e and f) 20 μm.