Acknowledgements
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 91634112 and 21878097), SINOPEC (34400007-19-ZC0607-0117) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant 16ZR1408100). D.W. acknowledges the institutional funds from the Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, and the Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics at Washington State University.
Literature Cited
1. Lin RB, Li LB, Zhou HL, Wu H, He CH, Li S, Krishna R, Li JP, Zhou W, Chen BL. Molecular sieving of ethylene from ethane using a rigid metal-organic framework. Nat Mater. 2018;17(12):1128-1133.
2. Bae YS, Lee CY, Kim KC, Farha OK, Nickias P, Hupp JT, Nguyen ST, Snurr RQ. High propene/propane selectivity in isostructural metal-organic frameworks with high densities of open metal sites.Angew Chem Int Edit. 2012;51(8):1857-1860.
3. Li KH, Olson DH, Seidel J, Emge TJ, Gong HW, Zeng HP, Li J. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for kinetic separation of propane and propene.J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(30):10368-10369.
4. Hou JJ, Liu PC, Jiang MHZ, Yu L, Li LS, Tang ZY. Olefin/paraffin separation through membranes: from mechanisms to critical materials.J Mater Chem A. 2019;7(41):23489-23511.
5. Corma A, Melo FV, Sauvanaud L, Ortega F. Light cracked naphtha processing: Controlling chemistry for maximum propylene production.Catal Today. 2005;107: 699-706.
6. Ren T, Patel M, Blok K. Olefins from conventional and heavy feedstocks: Energy use in steam cracking and alternative processes.Energy. 2006;31(4):425-451.
7. Sholl DS, Lively RP. Seven chemical separations to change the world.Nature. 2016;532(7600):435-437.
8. Martins VFD, Ribeiro AM, Kortunov P, Ferreira A, Rodrigues AE. High purity ethane/ethylene separation by gas phase simulated moving bed using ZIF-8 adsorbent. AIChE J. 2019;65(8).
9. Chu S, Cui Y, Liu N. The path towards sustainable energy. Nat Mater. 2017;16(1):16-22.
10. Li RL, Xing HB, Yang QW, Zhao X, Su BG, Bao ZB, Yang YW, Ren QL. Selective extraction of 1-hexene against n -hexane in ionic liquids with or without silver salt. Ind Eng Chem Res.2012;51(25):8588-8597.
11. Bachman JE, Kapelewski MT, Reed DA, Gonzalez MI, Long JR. M2 (m -dobdc) (M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) metal-organic frameworks as highly selective, high-capacity adsorbents for olefin/paraffin separations. J Am Chem Soc.2017;139(43):15363-15370.
12. Martins VFD, Ribeiro AM, Santos JC, Loureiro JM, Gleichmann K, Ferreira A, Rodrigues AE. Development of gas-phase SMB technology for light olefin/paraffin separations.AIChE J. 2016;62(7):2490-2500.
13. Chen YW, Qiao ZW, Lv DF, Duan CX, Sun XJ, Wu HX, Shi RF, Xia QB, Li Z. Efficient adsorptive separation of C3H6 over C3H8 on flexible and thermoresponsive CPL-1. Chem Eng J. 2017;328:360-367.
14. Kwon HT, Jeong HK. In situ synthesis of thin zeolitic-imidazolate framework ZIF-8 membranes exhibiting exceptionally high propylene/propane separation. J Am Chem Soc.2013;135(29):10763-10768.
15. Bux H, Chmelik C, Krishna R, Caro J. Ethene/ethane separation by the MOF membrane ZIF-8: molecular correlation of permeation, adsorption, diffusion. J Membrane Sci. 2011;369(1-2):284-289.
16. Hong GH, Ji D, Kang SW. Highly permeable ionic liquid/Cu composite membrane for olefin/paraffin separation. Chem Eng J.2013;230:111-114.
17. Eldridge RB. Olefin/paraffin separation technology: a review.Ind Eng Chem Res. 1993;32(10):2208-2212.
18. Padin J, Rege SU, Yang RT, Cheng LS. Molecular sieve sorbents for kinetic separation of propane/propylene. Chem Eng Sci.2000;55(20):4525-4535.
19. Narin G, Martins VFD, Campo M, Ribeiro AM, Ferreira A, Santos JC, Schumann K, Rodrigues AE. Light olefins/paraffins separation with 13X zeolite binderless beads. Sep Purif Technol. 2014;133:452-475.
20. Liu JQ, Calverley EM, McAdon MH, Goss JM, Liu YJ, Andrews KC, Wolford TD, Beyer DE, Han CS, Anaya DA, Golombeski RP, Broomall CF, Sprague S, Clements H, Mabe KF. New carbon molecular sieves for propylene/propane separation with high working capacity and separation factor. Carbon. 2017;123: 273-282.
21. Ma XL, Lin BK, Wei XT, Kniep J, Lin YS. Gamma-alumina supported carbon molecular sieve membrane for propylene/propane separation.Ind Eng Chem Res. 2013;52(11):4297-4305.
22. Cui WG, Hu TL, Bu XH. Metal-Organic Framework Materials for the Separation and Purification of Light Hydrocarbons. Adv Mater.2019;1806445.
23. Sun H, Ren DN, Kong RQ, Wang D, Jiang H, Tan JL, Wu D, Chen SW, Shen BX. Tuning 1-hexene/n -hexane adsorption on MOF-74 via constructing Co-Mg bimetallic frameworks. Micropor Mesopor Mat.2019;284:151-160.
24. Weckhuysen BM, Yu JH. Recent advances in zeolite chemistry and catalysis. Chem Soc Rev. 2015;44(20):7022-7024.
25. Brosillon S, Manero MH, Foussard JN. Mass transfer in VOC adsorption on zeolite: experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves.Environ Sci Technol. 2001;35(17):3571-3575.
26. Nouar F, Eckert J, Eubank JF, Forster P, Eddaoudi M. Zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks (ZMOFs) as hydrogen storage platform: lithium and magnesium ion-exchange and H2-(rho -ZMOF) interaction studies. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(8):2864-2870.
27. Tan YX, He YP, Zhang J. Pore partition effect on gas sorption properties of an anionic metal-organic framework with exposed Cu2+ coordination sites. Chem Commun.2011;47(38):10647-10649.
28. Sakai M, Sasaki Y, Tomono T, Seshimo M, Matsukata M. Olefin Selective Ag-Exchanged X-Type Zeolite Membrane for Propylene/Propane and Ethylene/Ethane Separation. ACS Appl Mater Inter.2019;11(4):4145-4151.
29. Anson A, Wang Y, Lin CCH, Kuznicki TM, Kuznicki SM. Adsorption of ethane and ethylene on modified ETS-10. Chem Eng Sci.2008;63(16):4171-4175.
30. Abreu NJ, Valdés H, Zaror CA, Azzolina-Jury F, Meléndrez MF. Ethylene adsorption onto natural and transition metal modified Chilean zeolite: An operando DRIFTS approach. Micropor Mesopor Mat.2019;274:138-148.
31. Silva JAC, Schumann K, Rodrigues AE. Sorption and kinetics of CO2 and CH4 in binderless beads of 13X zeolite. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2012;158:219-228.
32. Fakin T, Ristić A, Mavrodinova V, Logar NZ. Highly crystalline binder-free ZSM-5 granules preparation. Micropor Mesopor Mat.2015;213:108-117.
33. Schumann K, Unger B, Brandt A, Scheffler F. Investigation on the pore structure of binderless zeolite 13X shapes. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2012;154:119-123.
34. Mehlhorn D, Valiullin R, Kärger J, Schumann K, Brandt A, Unger B. Transport enhancement in binderless zeolite X- and A-type molecular sieves revealed by PFG NMR diffusometry. Micropor Mesopor Mat.2014;188:126-132.
35. Sun H, Sun ZW, Shen BX, Liu JC, Li GN, Wu D, Zhang YX. One-pot synthesis of binderless zeolite A spheres via in situ hydrothermal conversion of silica gel precursors. AIChE J.2018;64(11):4027-4038.
36. Accelrys. Materials Studio, Modeling Getting Started.Accelrys Software Inc.: San Diego, CA. 2004.
37. Lowenstein W. Apparatus for Separating Fluorine from Aluminosilicates by Pyrohydrolysis. Am Mineral. 1954;39:92.
38. Park HJ, Suh MP. Enhanced isosteric heat, selectivity, and uptake capacity of CO2 adsorption in a metal-organic framework by impregnated metal ions. Chem Sci. 2013;4(2):685-690.
39. Jale SR, Bülow M, Fitch FR, Perelman N, Shen D. Monte Carlo simulation of sorption equilibria for nitrogen and oxygen on LiLSX zeolite. J Phys Chem B. 2000;104(22):5272-5280.
40. Zhu L, Seff K. Reinvestigation of the crystal structure of dehydrated sodium zeolite X. J Phys Chem B. 1999;103(44):9512-9518.
41. Nath SK, Banaszak BJ, de Pablo JJ. A new united atom force field for α-olefins. J Chem Phys. 2001;114(8):3612-3616.
42. Calero S, Dubbeldam D, Krishna R, Smit B, Vlugt TJH, Denayer JFM, Martens JA, Maesen TLM. Understanding the role of sodium during adsorption: A force field for alkanes in sodium-exchanged faujasites.J Am Chem Soc. 2004;126(36):11377-11386.
43. Sun H. COMPASS: an ab initio force-field optimized for condensed-phase applications overview with details on alkane and benzene compounds. J Phys Chem B. 1998;102(38):7338-7364.
44. Jirapongphan SS, Warzywoda J, Budil DE, Jr SA. Simulation of benzene adsorption in zeolite HY using supercage-based docking. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2006;94:358-363.
45. Dang SQ, Zhao L, Gao JS, Xu CM. Loading dependence of the adsorption mechanism of thiophene in FAU zeolite. Ind Eng Chem Res.2016;55(45):11801-11808.
46. Garaga MN, Persson M, Yaghini N, Martinelli A. Local coordination and dynamics of a protic ammonium based ionic liquid immobilized in nano-porous silica micro-particles probed by Raman and NMR spectroscopy.Soft Matter . 2016;12(9):2583-2592.
47. Dutta PK, Twu J. Influence of framework Si/Al ratio on the Raman spectra of faujasitic zeolites. J Phys Chem.1991;95(6):2498-2501.
48. Sharma SK, Mammone JF, Nicol MF. Raman investigation of ring configurations in vitreous silica. Nature.1981;292(5819):140-141.
49. Dutta PK, Shieh DC, Puri M. Raman spectroscopic study of the synthesis of zeolite Y. J Phys Chem. 1987;91(9):2332-2336.
50. Xiong G, Yu Y, Feng ZC, Xin Q, Xiao FS, Li C. UV Raman spectroscopic study on the synthesis mechanism of zeolite X. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2001;42(2-3):317-323.
51. Fan FT, Feng ZC, Li GN, Sun KJ, Ying PL, Li C. In situ UV Raman spectroscopic studies on the synthesis mechanism of zeolite X.Chem Eur J. 2008;14(17):5125-5129.
52. Yu Y, Xiong G, Li C, Xiao FS. Characterization of aluminosilicate zeolites by UV Raman spectroscopy. Micropor Mesopor Mat.2001;46(1):23–34.
53. Lippmaa E, Mägi M, Samoson A, Tarmak M, Engelhardt G. Investigation of the structure of zeolites by solid-state high-resolution29Si NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc.1981;103(17):4992-4996.
54. Ma YN, Yan CJ, Alshameri A, Qiu XM, Zhou CY, Li D. Synthesis and characterization of 13X zeolite from low-grade natural kaolin. Adv Powder Technol. 2014;25(2): 495-499.
55. Finney EE, Shields SP, Buhro WE, Finke RG. Gold nanocluster agglomeration kinetic studies: evidence for parallel bimolecular plus autocatalytic agglomeration pathways as a mechanism-based alternative to an avrami-based analysis. Chem Mater. 2012;24(10):1718-1725.
56. Zhang RH, Li XK, Cao GP, Shi YH, Liu HL, Yuan WK, Roberts GW. Improved kinetic model of crystallization for isotactic polypropylene induced by supercritical CO2: introducing pressure and temperature dependence into the avrami equation. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2011;50(18):10509-10515.
57. Chen X, Shen BX, Sun H, Zhan GX, Huo ZZ. Adsorption and its mechanism of CS2 on ion-exchanged zeolites Y. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2017;56(22):6499-6507.
58. Chen X, Shen BX, Sun H, Zhan GX. Ion-exchange modified zeolites X for selective adsorption desulfurization from Claus tail gas: Experimental and computational investigations. Micropor Mesopor Mat. 2018;261:227-236.
59. Zhang JF, Burke N, Yang YX. Molecular Simulation of Propane Adsorption in FAU Zeolites. J Phys Chem C.2012;116(17):9666-9674.
60. Dewar MJS. A review of the π-complex theory . Bulletin de la Socie´te´ Chimique, France. 1951;18(3-4):C71–C79.
61. Faiz R, Li K. Olefin/paraffin separation using membrane based facilitated transport/chemical absorption techniques. Chem Eng Sci. 2012;73(21):261-284.