Site information
Samples were collected from plants growing in six regions in the
Republic of Panama (Table 1; Fig. S1). We extracted mean, minimum, and
maximum monthly temperatures for each study site from WorldClim 2.0
(Fick & Hijmans, 2017), which provides spatially interpolated monthly
climate variables with an accuracy of ~1
km2. For the lowland sites additional climate data
were available from the Physical Monitoring Program of the Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, and from the Panama Canal Authority (Table
S1). The WorldClim data correlated very well with the monitored data
(R2 = 0.9. Table S1) and for consistency we used
WorldClim data for all sites in the analyses.