4 Conclusion
The application of RSM proved a valuable tool in the extraction of
tocopherols, a substance with vitamin E activity and also the
concentration of FFAs respectively from PFAD. Experimental design
enables the identification of important process parameters and hence
their effects by statically describing the interactions of the select
variables. The hydrolytic action on PFAD for the extraction of
tocopherols and FFA using commercially immobilised lipase (Aspergillus
niger) proved to be an efficient, and cost saving method of producing
bio-active compounds from the by-product of deodorization stage of
vegetable oil processing.